Exam
Name___________________________________

SHORT ANSWER.  Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 

Provide an appropriate response. 

1) 

What is statistics? 

1)  

_____________ 

MULTIPLE CHOICE.  Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 

2) 

Which of the following is not true of statistics? 

2) 

_______ 

A) 

Statistics is used to draw conclusions using data.  

B) 

Statistics is used to answer questions with 100% certainty. 

C) 

Statistics can be used to organize and analyze information. 

D) 

Statistics involves collecting and summarizing data. 

Determine whether the underlined value is a parameter or a statistic. 

3) 

In a survey conducted in the town of Atherton, 22% of adult respondents reported that they had been involved in at least one car accident in the past ten years. 

3) 

_______ 

A) 

parameter 

B) 

statistic 

4) 

23.2% of the mayors of cities in a certain state are from minority groups. 

4) 

_______ 

A) 

statistic 

B) 

parameter 

5) 

A study of 2,300 college students in the city of Pemblington found that 11% had been victims of violent crimes.  

5) 

_______ 

A) 

statistic 

B) 

parameter 

6) 

51.6% of the residents of Idlington Garden City are female. 

6) 

_______ 

A) 

statistic 

B) 

parameter 

7) 

Telephone interviews of 385 employees of a large electronics company found that 55% were dissatisfied with their working conditions. 

7) 

_______ 

A) 

parameter 

B) 

statistic 

8) 

The average age of the 65 students in Ms. Hope's political science class is 21 years 11 months. 

8) 

_______ 

A) 

parameter 

B) 

statistic 

9) 

Mark retired from competitive athletics last year. In his career as a sprinter he had competed in the 100-meters event a total of 328 times. His average time for these 328 races was  

9) 

_______ 

A) 

statistic 

B) 

parameter 

SHORT ANSWER.  Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 

Provide an appropriate response. 

10) 

A survey of 1,538 American households found that 30% of the households own a DVD recorder. Identify the population, the sample, and the individuals in the study. 

10)  

____________ 

11) 

A survey of 1,365 American households found that 68% of the households own at least two bicycles. Identify the population, the sample, and the individuals in the study. 

11)  

____________ 

MULTIPLE CHOICE.  Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 

12) 

Parking at a large university has become a very big problem. University administrators are interested in determining the average parking time (e.g. the time it takes a student to find a parking spot) of its students. An administrator inconspicuously followed 100 students and carefully recorded their parking times. Identify the population of interest to the university administration. 

12) 

______ 

A) 

the parking times of the entire set of students that park at the university 

B) 

the entire set of faculty, staff, and students that park at the university 

C) 

the parking times of the 100 students from whom the  data were collected 

D) 

the students that park at the university between 9 and 10 AM on Wednesdays 

13) 

A manufacturer of cellular phones has decided that an assembly line is operating satisfactorily if less than 0.05% of the phones produced per day are defective. To check the quality of a day's production, the company decides to randomly sample 60 phones from a day's production to test for defects. Define the population of interest to the manufacturer. 

13) 

______ 

A) 

all the phones produced during the day in question 

B) 

the 60 responses defective or not defective 

C) 

the 60 phones sampled and tested 

D) 

the 0.05% of the phones that are defective 

14) 

A recent study attempted to estimate the proportion of Florida residents who were willing to spend more tax dollars on protecting the Florida beaches from environmental disasters. Thirty-eight hundred Florida residents were surveyed. Which of the following is the population used in the study? 

14) 

______ 

A) 

the Florida residents who were willing to spend more tax dollars on protecting the beaches from environmental disasters 

B) 

all Florida residents 

C) 

the 3,800 Florida residents surveyed 

D) 

all Florida residents who lived along the beaches 

15) 

Parking at a large university has become a very big problem. University administrators are interested in determining the average parking time (e.g. the time it takes a student to find a parking spot) of its students. An administrator inconspicuously followed 220 students and carefully recorded their parking times. Identify the sample of interest to the university administration. 

15) 

______ 

A) 

parking times of the 220 students 

B) 

parking time of a student 

C) 

type of car (import or domestic) 

D) 

location of the parking spot 

16) 

The legal profession conducted a study to determine the percentage of cardiologists who had been sued for malpractice in the last ten years. The sample was randomly chosen from a national directory of doctors. Identify the individuals in the study. 

16) 

______ 

A) 

the responses have been sued/have not been sued for malpractice in the last ten years 

B) 

each cardiologist selected from the directory 

C) 

the doctor's area of expertise (i.e., cardiology, pediatrics, etc.) 

D) 

all cardiologists in the directory 

SHORT ANSWER.  Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 

17) 

Administrators at a large university want to know the average debt incurred by their graduates.  Surveys were mailed to 210 graduating seniors asking them to report their total student loan debt.  Identify the population, sample, and individuals in the study. 

17)  

____________ 

18) 

A study was conducted to determine if listening to heavy metal music affects critical thinking. To test the claim, 124 subjects were randomly assigned to two groups. Both groups were administered a basic math skills exam. The first group took the exam while heavy metal music was piped into the exam room, while the second group took the exam in a silent room. The mean exam score for the first group was 84, and the mean exam score for the second group was 97. The researchers concluded that heavy metal music negatively affects critical thinking. Identify (a) the research objective, (b) the sample, (c) the descriptive statistics, and (d) the conclusions made in the study. 

18)  

____________ 

19) 

A telephone poll asked 1,248 registered voters "Would you vote for the current vice president if he ran for president?" Of these 1,248 respondents, 40% would vote for the current vice president if he ran for president. The administrators of the study concluded that 40% of all registered voters would vote for the current vice president if he ran for president. Identify (a) the research objective, (b) the sample,  descriptive statistics, and (d) the conclusions made in the study. 

19)  

____________ 

MULTIPLE CHOICE.  Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 

20) 

Which branch of statistics deals with the organization and summarization of collected information? 

20) 

______ 

A) 

Inferential statistics 

B) 

Computational statistics 

C) 

Descriptive statistics 

D) 

Survey design 

Classify the variable as qualitative or quantitative. 

21) 

the colors of book covers on a bookshelf 

21) 

______ 

A) 

quantitative  

B) 

qualitative  

22) 

the number of calls received at a company's help desk 

22) 

______ 

A) 

qualitative  

B) 

quantitative  

23) 

the number of seats in a school auditorium 

23) 

______ 

A) 

qualitative  

B) 

quantitative  

24) 

the numbers on the shirts of a boy's football team 

24) 

______ 

A) 

quantitative  

B) 

qualitative  

25) 

the bank account numbers of the students in a class 

25) 

______ 

A) 

qualitative  

B) 

quantitative  

26) 

the weights of  cases loaded onto an airport conveyor belt 

26) 

______ 

A) 

qualitative 

B) 

quantitative  

27) 

the temperatures of cups of coffee served at a restaurant 

27) 

______ 

A) 

quantitative  

B) 

qualitative 

28) 

the native languages of students in an English class 

28) 

______ 

A) 

qualitative 

B) 

quantitative  

Solve the problem. 

29) 

A bicycle manufacturer produces four different bicycle models. Information is summarized in the table below

Identify the variables and determine whether each variable is quantitative or qualitative. 

29) 

______ 

A) 

series number quantitative; weight qualitative; style qualitative 

B) 

series number quantitative; weight quantitative; style qualitative 

C) 

series number qualitative; weight quantitative; style qualitative 

D) 

series number qualitative; weight qualitative; style qualitative 

30) 

An international relations professor is supervising four master's students.   Information about the students is summarized in the table.

Identify the variables and determine whether each variable is quantitative or qualitative. 

30) 

______ 

A) 

student number qualitative; area of interest qualitative; GPA qualitative 

B) 

student number quantitative; area of interest qualitative; GPA quantitative 

C) 

student number quantitative; area of interest qualitative; GPA qualitative 

D) 

student number qualitative; area of interest qualitative; GPA quantitative 

Provide an appropriate response. 

31) 

Quantitative variables classify individuals in a sample according to  

31) 

______ 

A) 

exhibited trait. 

B) 

physical attribute. 

C) 

numerical measure. 

D) 

personality characteristic. 

Determine whether the quantitative variable is discrete or continuous. 

32) 

the number of bottles of juice sold in a cafeteria during lunch 

32) 

______ 

A) 

continuous 

B) 

discrete 

33) 

the weight of a player on the wrestling team 

33) 

______ 

A) 

continuous 

B) 

discrete 

34) 

the cholesterol levels of a group of adults the day after Thanksgiving 

34) 

______ 

A) 

discrete 

B) 

continuous 

35) 

the low temperature in degrees Fahrenheit on January 1st in Cheyenne, Wyoming 

35) 

______ 

A) 

continuous 

B) 

discrete 

36) 

the number of goals scored in a hockey game 

36) 

______ 

A) 

continuous 

B) 

discrete 

37) 

the speed of a car on a Boston tollway during rush hour traffic 

37) 

______ 

A) 

discrete 

B) 

continuous 

38) 

the number of phone calls to the police department on any given day 

38) 

______ 

A) 

continuous 

B) 

discrete 

39) 

the age of the oldest employee in the data processing department 

39) 

______ 

A) 

continuous 

B) 

discrete 

40) 

the number of pills in an aspirin bottle 

40) 

______ 

A) 

continuous 

B) 

discrete 

Provide an appropriate response. 

41) 

The peak shopping time at a pet store is between 8-1100 am on Saturday mornings. Management at the pet store randomly selected 85 customers last Saturday morning and decided to observe their shopping habits. They recorded the number of items that a sample of the customers purchased as well as the total time the customers spent in the store. Identify the types of variables recorded by the pet store. 

41) 

______ 

A) 

number of items - continuous; total time - discrete 

B) 

number of items - discrete; total time - continuous 

C) 

number of items - discrete; total time - discrete 

D) 

number of items - continuous; total time - continuous 

42) 

The number of violent crimes committed in a city on a given day in a random sample of 110 days is a __________ random variable. 

42) 

______ 

A) 

discrete 

B) 

continuous 

43) 

Classify the following random variable telephone area codes 

43) 

______ 

A) 

quantitative continuous data 

B) 

experimental data 

C) 

quantitative discrete data 

D) 

qualitative data 

44) 

A student is asked to rate a guest speaker's ability to communicate on a scale of   The student is to fill in a corresponding circle on a bubble form.  This is an example of collecting what type of data? 

44) 

______ 

A) 

insightful 

B) 

continuous 

C) 

discrete 

D) 

qualitative 

Determine the level of measurement of the variable. 

45) 

the musical instrument played by a music student 

45) 

______ 

A) 

ordinal 

B) 

ratio 

C) 

interval 

D) 

nominal 

46) 

the medal received (gold, silver, bronze) by an Olympic gymnast 

46) 

______ 

A) 

ratio 

B) 

nominal 

C) 

interval 

D) 

ordinal 

47) 

height of a tree 

47) 

______ 

A) 

ratio 

B) 

interval 

C) 

ordinal 

D) 

nominal 

48) 

the native language of a tourist 

48) 

______ 

A) 

nominal 

B) 

ordinal 

C) 

ratio 

D) 

interval 

49) 

the day of the month 

49) 

______ 

A) 

nominal 

B) 

ratio 

C) 

interval 

D) 

ordinal 

50) 

an officer's rank in the military 

50) 

______ 

A) 

interval 

B) 

ordinal 

C) 

nominal 

D) 

ratio 

51) 

weight of rice bought by a customer 

51) 

______ 

A) 

ratio 

B) 

interval 

C) 

ordinal 

D) 

nominal 

52) 

a student's favorite sport 

52) 

______ 

A) 

interval 

B) 

ordinal 

C) 

ratio 

D) 

nominal 

53) 

ranking (first place, second place, etc.) of contestants in a singing competition 

53) 

______ 

A) 

nominal 

B) 

ordinal 

C) 

ratio 

D) 

interval 

54) 

capacity of a backpack 

54) 

______ 

A) 

ratio 

B) 

interval 

C) 

ordinal 

D) 

nominal 

55) 

an evaluation received by a physics student (excellent, good, satisfactory, or poor). 

55) 

______ 

A) 

nominal 

B) 

ordinal 

C) 

ratio 

D) 

interval 

56) 

the year of manufacture of a car  

56) 

______ 

A) 

nominal 

B) 

interval 

C) 

ratio 

D) 

ordinal 

57) 

time spent playing basketball 

57) 

______ 

A) 

ratio 

B) 

ordinal 

C) 

nominal 

D) 

interval 

58) 

category of storm (gale, hurricane, etc.) 

58) 

______ 

A) 

ratio 

B) 

ordinal 

C) 

interval 

D) 

nominal 

Determine whether the study depicts an observational study or an experiment. 

59) 

A medical researcher obtains a sample of adults suffering from diabetes. She randomly assigns 61 people to a treatment group and 61 to a placebo group. The treatment group receives a medication over a period of three months and the placebo group receives a placebo over the same time frame. At the end of three months the patients' symptoms are evaluated.  

59) 

______ 

A) 

experiment 

B) 

observational study 

60) 

A poll is conducted in which professional musicians are asked their ages.  

60) 

______ 

A) 

experiment 

B) 

observational study 

61) 

A pollster obtains a sample of students and asks them how they will vote on an upcoming referendum. 

61) 

______ 

A) 

observational study 

B) 

experiment 

62) 

The personnel director at a large company would like to determine whether the company cafeteria is widely used by employees. She calls each employee and asks them whether they usually bring their own lunch, eat at the company cafeteria, or go out for lunch.  

62) 

______ 

A) 

observational study 

B) 

experiment 

63) 

A scientist was studying the effects of a new fertilizer on crop yield. She randomly assigned half of the plots on a farm to group one and the remaining plots to group two. On the plots in group one, the new fertilizer was used for a year. On the plots in group two, the old fertilizer was used. At the end of the year the average crop yield for the plots in group one was compared with the average crop yield for the plots in group two. 

63) 

______ 

A) 

observational study 

B) 

experiment 

64) 

A researcher obtained a random sample of 100 smokers and a random sample of 100 nonsmokers. After interviewing all 200 participants in the study, the researcher compared the rate of depression among the smokers with the rate of depression among nonsmokers. 

64) 

______ 

A) 

observational study 

B) 

experiment 

Provide an appropriate response. 

65) 

True or False  Observational studies are not as useful as experiments to learn about the characteristics of a population. 

65) 

______ 

A) 

True 

B) 

False 

66) 

True or False Experiments assist the researcher in isolating the causes of the relationships that exist between two variables. 

66) 

______ 

A) 

False 

B) 

True 

Determine what type of observational study is described. Explain. 

67) 

Researchers wanted to determine whether there was an association between high blood pressure and the suppression of emotions. The researchers looked at 1800 adults enrolled in a Health Initiative Observational Study. Each person was interviewed and asked about their response to emotions. In particular they were asked whether their tendency was to express or to hold in anger and other emotions. The degree of suppression of emotions was rated on a scale of 1 to 10. Each person's blood pressure was also measured. The researchers analyzed the results to determine whether there was an association between high blood pressure and the suppression of emotions.  

67) 

______ 

A) 

cross-sectional; Information is collected at a specific point in time. 

B) 

retrospective; Individuals are asked to look back in time. 

C) 

cohort; Individuals are observed over a long period of time. 

68) 

Researchers wanted to determine whether there was an association between city driving and stomach ulcers. They selected a sample of 900 young adults and followed them for a twenty-year period. At the start of the study none of the participants was suffering from a stomach ulcer. Each person kept track of the number of hours per week they spent driving in city traffic. At the end of the study each participant underwent tests to determine whether they were suffering from a stomach ulcer.  The researchers analyzed the results to determine whether there was an association between city driving and stomach ulcers.  

68) 

______ 

A) 

retrospective; Individuals are asked to look back in time. 

B) 

cross-sectional; Information is collected at a specific point in time.  

C) 

cohort; Individuals are observed over a long period of time. 

69) 

A researcher wanted to determine whether women with children are more likely to develop anxiety disorders than women without children. She selected a sample of 900 twenty-year old women and followed them for a twenty-year period. At the start of the study, none of the women had children. By the end of the study 53% of the women had at least one child. The level of anxiety of each participant was evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the study and the increase (or decrease) in anxiety was recorded. The researchers analyzed the results to determine whether there was an association between anxiety and having children. 

69) 

______ 

A) 

retrospective; Individuals are asked to look back in time. 

B) 

cohort; Individuals are observed over a long period of time. 

C) 

cross-sectional; Information is collected at a specific point in time.  

70) 

Vitamin D is important for the metabolism of calcium and exposure to sunshine is an important source of vitamin D. A researcher wanted to determine whether osteoperosis was associated with a lack of exposure to sunshine. He selected a sample of 250 women with osteoperosis and an equal number of women without osteoperosis. The two groups were matched - in other words they were similar in terms of age, diet, occupation, and exercise levels. Histories on exposure to sunshine over the previous twenty years were obtained for all women. The total number of hours that each woman had been exposed to sunshine in the previous twenty years was estimated. The amount of exposure to sunshine was compared for the two groups. 

70) 

______ 

A) 

cohort; Individuals are observed over a long period of time. 

B) 

cross-sectional; Information is collected at a specific point in time.  

C) 

retrospective; Individuals are asked to look back in time  

71) 

Can money buy happiness? A researcher wanted to determine whether there was any association between economic status and happiness. She selected a sample of 1000 adults and interviewed them. Each person was asked about their financial situation and their level of happiness was evaluated. The researcher analyzed the results to determine whether there was an association between economic status and happiness.  

71) 

______ 

A) 

retrospective; Individuals are asked to look back in time. 

B) 

cross-sectional; Information is collected at a specific point in time.  

C) 

cohort; Individuals are observed over a long period of time. 

72) 

A researcher wanted to determine whether colon cancer was associated with eating meat. He selected a sample of 500 men with colon cancer and an equal number of men without colon cancer. The two groups were matched - in other words they were similar in terms of age, occupation, income, and exercise levels. Histories on the amount of meat consumed over the previous twenty years were obtained for all men. The total amount of meat that each man eaten in the previous twenty years was estimated. The meat consumption was compared for the two groups. 

72) 

______ 

A) 

cohort; Individuals are observed over a long period of time. 

B) 

retrospective; Individuals are asked to look back in time  

C) 

cross-sectional; Information is collected at a specific point in time.  

Provide an appropriate response. 

73) 

The government of a town needs to determine if the city's residents will support the construction of a new town hall. The government decides to conduct a survey of a sample of the city's residents. Which one of the following procedures would be most appropriate for obtaining a sample of the town's residents? 

73) 

______ 

A) 

Survey a random sample of employees at the old city hall. 

B) 

Survey every 5th person who walks into city hall on a given day. 

C) 

Survey the first 500 people listed in the town's telephone directory. 

D) 

Survey a random sample of persons within each geographic region of the city. 

74) 

The city council of a small town needs to determine if the town's residents will support the building of a new library. The council decides to conduct a survey of a sample of the town's residents. Which one of the following procedures would be most appropriate for obtaining a sample of the town's residents? 

74) 

______ 

A) 

Survey a random sample of librarians who live in the town. 

B) 

Survey a random sample of persons within each neighborhood of the town. 

C) 

Survey 500 individuals who are randomly selected from a list of all people living in the state in which the town is located. 

D) 

Survey every 6th person who enters the old library on a given day. 

75) 

The policy committee at State University has 6 members Prof. Rise, Dr. Hernandez, LaToyna, Ming, Jose, and John. A subcommittee of two members must be formed to investigate the visitation policy in the dormitories. List all possible simple random samples of size 2.  

75) 

______ 

A) 

Prof. Rise and Dr. Hernandez, LaToyna and Ming, Jose and John 

B) 

Prof. Rise and Dr. Hernandez, Dr. Hernandez and LaToyna, LaToyna and Ming, Ming and Jose, Jose and John 

C) 

Prof. Rise and Dr. Hernandez, Prof. Rise and LaToyna, Prof. Rise and Ming, Prof. Rise and Jose, Prof. Rise and John 

D) 

Prof. Rise and Dr. Hernandez, Prof. Rise and LaToyna, Prof. Rise and Ming, Prof. Rise and Jose, Prof. Rise and John, Dr. Hernandez and LaToyna, Dr. Hernandez and Ming, Dr. Hernandez and Jose, Dr. Hernandez and John, LaToyna and Ming, LaToyna and Jose, LaToyna and John, Ming and Jose, Ming and John, Jose and John 

76) 

Select a random sample of five state capitals from the list below using the two digit list of random numbers provided.  Begin with the uppermost left random number and proceed down each column.  When a column is complete, use the numbers at the top of the next right column and proceed down that column.
	State Capitals

76) 

______ 

A) 

Boston, MA; Concord, NH; Dover DE; Santa Fe, NM; Richmond, VA. 

B) 

Springfield, IL; Des Moines, IA; Boston, MA; Santa Fe, NM; Columbus OH. 

C) 

Carson City NV; Boise ID; Atlanta, GA; Cheyenne, WY; Boston, MA. 

D) 

Springfield, IL; Atlanta,GA; Providence, RI; Santa Fe, NM; Columbus OH. 

77) 

The top 38 cities in Wisconsin as determined by population are given below.  Select a random sample of four cities from the list below using the two digit list of random numbers provided.  Begin with the uppermost left random number and proceed down each column.  When a column is complete, use the numbers at the top of the next right column and proceed down that column.  Information was obtained from the web site http//www.citypopulation.de/USA-Wisconsin.html.
	Wisconsin Cities by Population

77) 

______ 

A) 

Milwaukee, Eau Claire, New Berlin, West Bend. 

B) 

Manitowoc, Appleton, Greenfield, Fond du Lac. 

C) 

Milwaukee, Madison, Green Bay, Kenosha.  

D) 

Manitowoc, La Crosse, Franklin, Oshkosh. 

Identify the type of sampling used. 

78) 

Thirty-five math majors, 27 music majors and 64 history majors are randomly selected from 504 math majors, 492 music majors and 599 history majors at the state university. What sampling technique is used? 

78) 

______ 

A) 

convenience 

B) 

systematic 

C) 

stratified 

D) 

cluster 

E) 

simple random 

79) 

Every fifth adult entering an airport is checked for extra security screening. What sampling technique is used? 

79) 

______ 

A) 

simple random 

B) 

cluster 

C) 

convenience 

D) 

stratified 

E) 

systematic 

80) 

At a local technical school, five auto repair classes are randomly selected and all of the students from each class are interviewed. What sampling technique is used? 

80) 

______ 

A) 

simple random 

B) 

systematic 

C) 

cluster 

D) 

stratified 

E) 

convenience 

81) 

A writer for an art magazine randomly selects and interviews fifty male and fifty female artists. What sampling technique is used? 

81) 

______ 

A) 

simple random 

B) 

systematic 

C) 

cluster 

D) 

stratified 

E) 

convenience 

82) 

A travel industry researcher interviews all of the passengers on five randomly selected cruises. What sampling technique is used? 

82) 

______ 

A) 

cluster 

B) 

stratified 

C) 

simple random 

D) 

convenience 

E) 

systematic 

83) 

A statistics student interviews everyone in his apartment building to determine who owns a cell phone. What sampling technique is used? 

83) 

______ 

A) 

convenience 

B) 

cluster 

C) 

simple random 

D) 

stratified 

E) 

systematic 

84) 

A lobbyist for the oil industry assigns a number to each senator and then uses a computer to randomly generate ten numbers. The lobbyist contacts the senators corresponding to these numbers. What sampling technique was used? 

84) 

______ 

A) 

stratified 

B) 

convenience 

C) 

systematic 

D) 

cluster 

E) 

simple random 

85) 

Based on 11,500 responses from 29,500 questionnaires sent to all its members, a major medical association estimated that the annual salary of its members was $124,000 per year. What sampling technique was used? 

85) 

______ 

A) 

stratified 

B) 

cluster 

C) 

simple random 

D) 

convenience 

E) 

systematic 

86) 

In a recent online survey, participants were asked to answer "yes" or "no" to the question "Are you in favor of stricter gun control?" 6571 responded "yes" while 4637 responded "no". There was a fifty-cent charge for the call. What sampling technique was used? 

86) 

______ 

A) 

stratified 

B) 

convenience 

C) 

systematic 

D) 

simple random 

E) 

cluster 

87) 

A sample consists of every 25th worker from a group of 3000 workers. What sampling technique was used? 

87) 

______ 

A) 

simple random 

B) 

cluster 

C) 

convenience 

D) 

systematic 

E) 

stratified 

88) 

A market researcher randomly selects 200 homeowners under 35 years of age and 300 homeowners over 35 years of age. What sampling technique was used? 

88) 

______ 

A) 

stratified 

B) 

cluster 

C) 

convenience 

D) 

simple random 

E) 

systematic 

89) 

To avoid working late, the plant foreman inspects the first 60 microwaves produced that day. What sampling technique was used? 

89) 

______ 

A) 

systematic 

B) 

convenience 

C) 

stratified 

D) 

simple random 

E) 

cluster 

90) 

The names of 70 employees are written on 70 cards. The cards are placed in a bag, and three names are picked from the bag. What sampling technique was used? 

90) 

______ 

A) 

stratified 

B) 

simple random 

C) 

cluster 

D) 

systematic 

E) 

convenience 

91) 

An education researcher randomly selects 100 of the nation's junior colleges and interviews all of the professors at each school. What sampling technique was used? 

91) 

______ 

A) 

stratified 

B) 

cluster 

C) 

convenience 

D) 

systematic 

E) 

simple random 

Provide an appropriate response. 

92) 

The United States can be divided into four geographical regions Northeast, South, Midwest, and West.  The Northeast region consists of 9 states; the South region consists of 16 states; the Midwest consists of 12 states; and the West consists of 13 states.  If a survey is to be administered to the governors of 10 of the states and we want equal representation for the states in each of the four regions, how many states from the South should be selected?  Round to the nearest whole state. 

92) 

______ 

A) 

4 

B) 

3 

C) 

5 

D) 

2 

SHORT ANSWER.  Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 

Solve the problem. 

93) 

For a poll of voters regarding a referendum calling for renewing the residential renewable energy tax credit, design a sampling method to obtain the individuals in the sample. 

93)  

____________ 

94) 

A pharmaceutical company wants to conduct a survey of 50 individuals who have type 1 diabetes. The company has obtained a list from doctors throughout the country of 7400 individuals whoa re known to have type 1 diabetes. Design a sampling method to obtain the individuals in the sample. 

94)  

____________ 

Provide an appropriate response. 

95) 

An online newspaper conducted a survey by asking, "Do you support the lowering of air quality standards if it could cause the death of millions of innocent people from pollution related diseases?" Determine the type of bias. 

95)  

____________ 

96) 

A local hardware store wants to know if its customers are satisfied with the customer service they receive. The store posts an interviewer at the front of the store to ask the first 95 shoppers who leave the  store, "How satisfied, on a scale of 1 to 10, were you with this store's customer service?" Determine the type of bias. 

96)  

____________ 

97) 

Before opening a new dealership, an auto manufacturer wants to gather information about car ownership and driving habits of the local residents. The marketing manager of the company randomly selects 1000 households from all households in the area and mails a questionnaire to them. Of the 1000 surveys mailed, she receives 145 back. Determine the type of bias. 

97)  

____________ 

MULTIPLE CHOICE.  Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 

98) 

Which type of bias occurs because we do not obtain complete information about a population? 

98) 

______ 

A) 

no bias 

B) 

response bias 

C) 

nonresponse bias 

D) 

sampling bias 

99) 

A researcher wants to study the effects of advertising by female models upon high school boys in small Midwestern towns.  The research methodology calls for selecting several small Midwestern towns that have high schools.  What is the frame for this study? 

99) 

______ 

A) 

high school students from the small Midwestern towns selected 

B) 

high school boys from the small Midwestern towns selected 

C) 

all high school boys from small Midwestern towns 

D) 

all students attending high school from small Midwestern towns 

100) 

Multiple choice questions on a test that include as one of the choices "none of the above" are an example of what type of question? 

100) 

_____ 

A) 

open question 

B) 

reader response question 

C) 

closed question 

D) 

framing question 

SHORT ANSWER.  Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 

101) 

What is a designed experiment? 

101)  

___________ 

102) 

What is a factor? 

102)  

___________ 

MULTIPLE CHOICE.  Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 

103) 

Which of the following is not true about factors? 

103) 

_____ 

A) 

One way to control factors is to fix their level at one predetermined value throughout the experiment. 

B) 

Any combination of the values of the factors is called a treatment. 

C) 

Factors whose effect on the response variable interests us should be set at predetermined levels. 

D) 

Factors whose effect on the response variable is not of interest can be set after the experiment. 

104) 

The variable measured in the experiment is called ____________ . 

104) 

_____ 

A) 

the treatment 

B) 

the response variable 

C) 

the predictor variable 

D) 

a sampling unit 

105) 

The object upon which the response variable is measured is called ________ . 

105) 

_____ 

A) 

an experimental unit 

B) 

a treatment 

C) 

the predictor variable 

D) 

the factor 

106) 

__________ is a condition applied to the experimental units involved in an experiment. 

106) 

_____ 

A) 

The sampling design 

B) 

The design 

C) 

A treatment 

D) 

The factor level 

107) 

An experiment in which the experimental unit (or subject) does not know which treatment he or she is receiving is called a ________________ . 

107) 

_____ 

A) 

matched-pairs design 

B) 

randomized block design 

C) 

double-blind experiment 

D) 

single-blind experiment 

108) 

An experiment in which neither the experimental unit nor the researcher in contact with the experimental unit knows which treatment the experimental unit is receiving is called a ________________ . 

108) 

_____ 

A) 

matched-pairs design 

B) 

single-blind experiment 

C) 

double-blind experiment 

D) 

randomized block design 

109) 

A salesman boasts to a farmer that his new fertilizer will increase the yield of the farmer's crops by 15%.  The farmer wishes to test the effects of the new fertilizer on her corn yield.  She has four equal sized plots of land—one with sandy soil, one with rocky soil, one with clay-rich soil, and one with average soil.  She divides each of the four plots into three equal sized portions and randomly labels them A, B and C.  The four A portions are treated with her old fertilizer.  The four B portions are treated with the new fertilizer. The four C portions receive no fertilizer.  At harvest time, the corn yield is recorded for each section of land.  What is the claim she is testing? 

109) 

_____ 

A) 

The A sections had at least a 15% increase in yield. 

B) 

The average soil field had at least a 15% increase in yield. 

C) 

The total yield increased at least 15%. 

D) 

The new fertilizer yielded at least a 15% improvement. 

110) 

What will help insure that the effect of a treatment is not due to some characteristic of a single experimental unit?    

110) 

_____ 

A) 

blinding 

B) 

blocking 

C) 

randomizing 

D) 

replication 

111) 

A drug company wanted to test a new depression medication. The researchers found 200 adults aged 25-35 and randomly assigned them to two groups. The first group received the new drug, while the second received a placebo. After one month of treatment, the percentage of each group whose depression symptoms decreased was recorded and compared. What is the response variable in this experiment? 

111) 

_____ 

A) 

the percentage who had decreased depression symptoms 

B) 

the type of drug (medication or placebo) 

C) 

the one month treatment time 

D) 

the 200 adults aged 25-35 

112) 

A drug company wanted to test a new arthritis medication. The researchers found 100 adults aged 25-35 and randomly assigned them to two groups. The first group received the new drug, while the second received a placebo. After one month of treatment, the percentage of each group whose arthritis symptoms decreased was recorded and compared. What is the treatment in this experiment? 

112) 

_____ 

A) 

the percentage who had decreased arthritis symptoms 

B) 

the drug 

C) 

the one month treatment time 

D) 

the 100 adults aged 25-35 

113) 

A drug company wanted to test a new arthritis medication. The researchers found 400 adults aged 25-35 and randomly assigned them to two groups. The first group received the new drug, while the second received a placebo. After one month of treatment, the percentage of each group whose arthritis symptoms decreased was recorded and compared. How many levels does the treatment in this experiment have? 

113) 

_____ 

A) 

2 (medication or placebo) 

B) 

10 (age span of respondents) 

C) 

400 (number of respondents) 

D) 

1 (months of treatment) 

114) 

A drug company wanted to test a new acne medication. The researchers found 200 adults aged 25-35 and randomly assigned them to two groups. The first group received the new drug, while the second received a placebo. After one month of treatment, the percentage of each group whose acne symptoms decreased was recorded and compared. What type of experimental design is this? 

114) 

_____ 

A) 

matched-pairs design 

B) 

randomized block design 

C) 

completely randomized design 

D) 

single-blind design 

115) 

A drug company wanted to test a new indigestion medication. The researchers found 200 adults aged  and randomly assigned them to two groups. The first group received the new drug, while the second received a placebo. After one month of treatment, the percentage of each group whose indigestion symptoms decreased was recorded and compared. Identify the experimental units. 

115) 

_____ 

A) 

the 200 adults aged 25-35 

B) 

the drug (medication or placebo) 

C) 

the percentage who had decreased indigestion symptoms 

D) 

the one month treatment time 

116) 

A medical journal published the results of an experiment on anorexia. The experiment investigated the effects of a controversial new therapy for anorexia. Researchers measured the anorexia levels of 36 adult women who suffer moderate conditions of the disorder. After the therapy, the researchers again measured the women's anorexia levels. The differences between the the  and  anorexia levels were reported. What is the response variable in this experiment? 

116) 

_____ 

A) 

the therapy 

B) 

the differences between the the pre- and post-therapy anorexia levels 

C) 

the 36 adult women who suffer from anorexia 

D) 

the disorder (anorexia or no anorexia) 

117) 

A medical journal published the results of an experiment on anorexia. The experiment investigated the effects of a controversial new therapy for anorexia. Researchers measured the anorexia levels of 73 adult women who suffer moderate conditions of the disorder. After the therapy, the researchers again measured the women's anorexia levels. The differences between the the  and  anorexia levels were reported. What is the treatment in this experiment? 

117) 

_____ 

A) 

the therapy 

B) 

the disorder (anorexia or no anorexia) 

C) 

the differences between the the pre- and post-therapy anorexia levels 

D) 

the 73 adult women who suffer from anorexia 

118) 

A medical journal published the results of an experiment on insomnia. The experiment investigated the effects of a controversial new therapy for insomnia. Researchers measured the insomnia levels of 84 adult women who suffer moderate conditions of the disorder. After the therapy, the researchers again measured the women's insomnia levels. The differences between the the  and  insomnia levels were reported. How many levels does the treatment have in this experiment? 

118) 

_____ 

A) 

1 (therapy) 

B) 

84 (the adult women who suffer from insomnia) 

C) 

2 (pre- and post-therapy) 

D) 

168 (the adult women who suffer from insomnia measured pre- and post-therapy) 

119) 

A medical journal published the results of an experiment on anxiety. The experiment investigated the effects of a controversial new therapy for anxiety. Researchers measured the anxiety levels of 40 adult women who suffer moderate conditions of the disorder. After the therapy, the researchers again measured the women's anxiety levels. The differences between the the pre- and post-therapy anxiety levels were reported. What type of experimental design is this? 

119) 

_____ 

A) 

single-blind design 

B) 

matched-pairs design 

C) 

completely randomized design 

D) 

randomized block design 

120) 

A medical journal published the results of an experiment on insomnia. The experiment investigated the effects of a controversial new therapy for insomnia. Researchers measured the insomnia levels of 82 adult women who suffer moderate conditions of the disorder. After the therapy, the researchers again measured the women's insomnia levels. The differences between the the  and  insomnia levels were reported. Identify the experimental units. 

120) 

_____ 

A) 

the disorder (insomnia or no insomnia) 

B) 

the differences between the pre- and post-therapy insomnia levels 

C) 

the therapy time period (pre or post) 

D) 

the 82 adult women who suffer from insomnia 

121) 

A farmer wishes to test the effects of a new fertilizer on her potato yield. She has four equal-sized plots of land-- one with sandy soil, one with rocky soil, one with clay-rich soil, and one with average soil. She divides each of the four plots into three equal-sized portions and randomly labels them A, B, and C. The four A portions of land are treated with her old fertilizer. The four B portions are treated with the new fertilizer, and the four C's are treated with no fertilizer. At harvest time, the potato yield is recorded for each section of land. What is the response variable in this experiment? 

121) 

_____ 

A) 

the four types of soil 

B) 

the potato yield recorded for each section of land 

C) 

the type of fertilizer (old, new, or none) 

D) 

the section of land (A, B, or C) 

122) 

A farmer wishes to test the effects of a new fertilizer on her corn yield. She has four equal-sized plots of land-- one with sandy soil, one with rocky soil, one with clay-rich soil, and one with average soil. She divides each of the four plots into three equal-sized portions and randomly labels them A, B, and C. The four A portions of land are treated with her old fertilizer. The four B portions are treated with the new fertilizer, and the four C's are treated with no fertilizer. At harvest time, the corn yield is recorded for each section of land. What is the treatment in this experiment? 

122) 

_____ 

A) 

the four types of soil 

B) 

the corn yield recorded for each section of land 

C) 

the fertilizers 

D) 

the section of land (A, B, or C) 

123) 

A farmer wishes to test the effects of a new fertilizer on her corn yield. She has four equal-sized plots of land-- one with sandy soil, one with rocky soil, one with clay-rich soil, and one with average soil. She divides each of the four plots into three equal-sized portions and randomly labels them A, B, and C. The four A portions of land are treated with her old fertilizer. The four B portions are treated with the new fertilizer, and the four C's are treated with no fertilizer. At harvest time, the corn yield is recorded for each section of land. How many levels does the treatment have in this experiment? 

123) 

_____ 

A) 

1 (corn yield) 

B) 

12 (sections of land) 

C) 

3 (old, new, or no fertilizer) 

D) 

4 (rocky, sandy, clay, or average soil) 

124) 

A farmer wishes to test the effects of a new fertilizer on her soybean yield. She has four equal-sized plots of land-- one with sandy soil, one with rocky soil, one with clay-rich soil, and one with average soil. She divides each of the four plots into three equal-sized portions and randomly labels them A, B, and C. The four A portions of land are treated with her old fertilizer. The four B portions are treated with the new fertilizer, and the four C's are treated with no fertilizer. At harvest time, the soybean yield is recorded for each section of land. What type of experimental design is this? 

124) 

_____ 

A) 

matched-pairs design 

B) 

randomized block design 

C) 

double-blind design 

D) 

completely randomized design 

125) 

A farmer wishes to test the effects of a new fertilizer on her soybean yield. She has four equal-sized plots of land-- one with sandy soil, one with rocky soil, one with clay-rich soil, and one with average soil. She divides each of the four plots into three equal-sized portions and randomly labels them A, B, and C. The four A portions of land are treated with her old fertilizer. The four B portions are treated with the new fertilizer, and the four C's are treated with no fertilizer. At harvest time, the soybean yield is recorded for each section of land. Identify the experimental units. 

125) 

_____ 

A) 

the soybean yield at harvest time 

B) 

the three types of fertilizer 

C) 

the four types of soil 

D) 

the soybean plants on the various plots of land 

126) 

When the effects of the explanatory variable upon the response variable cannot be determined, then 

126) 

_____ 

A) 

confounding has occurred. 

B) 

a lurking variable is present. 

C) 

the claim is invalid. 

D) 

there is sampling error. 

 

1) 

Statistics is the science of collecting, summarizing, organizing, and analyzing information in order to answer questions or draw conclusions. 

2) 

B 

3) 

B 

4) 

B 

5) 

A 

6) 

B 

7) 

B 

8) 

A 

9) 

B 

10) 

population collection of all American households; sample collection of 1,538 American households surveyed; individuals each household 

11) 

population collection of all American households; sample collection of 1,365 American households surveyed; individuals each household 

12) 

A 

13) 

A 

14) 

B 

15) 

A 

16) 

B 

17) 

The population of interest is the student loan debt incurred by all graduates of the university. The sample is student loan debt of the 210 graduating seniors that were collected by the university administrators. The individuals are each graduating senior whose student loan debt was recorded. 

18) 

(a) if listening to heavy metal music affects critical thinking
(b) the 124 subjects
(c) the mean exam score for the first group = 84, and the mean exam score for the second group was 97
(d) that heavy metal music negatively affects critical thinking 

19) 

(a) to determine the percentage of registered voters who would vote for the current vice president if he ran for president
(b) the 1,248 registered voters surveyed
(c) 40% of the respondents supported reelection
(d) that 40% of all registered voters would vote for the current vice president if he ran for president 

20) 

C 

21) 

B 

22) 

B 

23) 

B 

24) 

B 

25) 

A 

26) 

B 

27) 

A 

28) 

A 

29) 

C 

30) 

D 

31) 

C 

32) 

B 

33) 

A 

34) 

B 

35) 

A 

36) 

B 

37) 

B 

38) 

B 

39) 

A 

40) 

B 

41) 

B 

42) 

A 

43) 

D 

44) 

D 

45) 

D 

46) 

D 

47) 

A 

48) 

A 

49) 

C 

50) 

B 

51) 

A 

52) 

D 

53) 

B 

54) 

A 

55) 

B 

56) 

B 

57) 

A 

58) 

B 

59) 

A 

60) 

B 

61) 

A 

62) 

A 

63) 

B 

64) 

A 

65) 

B 

66) 

B 

67) 

A 

68) 

C 

69) 

B 

70) 

C 

71) 

B 

72) 

B 

73) 

D 

74) 

B 

75) 

D 

76) 

D 

77) 

D 

78) 

C 

79) 

E 

80) 

C 

81) 

D 

82) 

A 

83) 

A 

84) 

E 

85) 

C 

86) 

B 

87) 

D 

88) 

A 

89) 

B 

90) 

B 

91) 

B 

92) 

B 

93) 

Answers will vary. One option would be stratified sampling. Since this is a national issue, different geographical locations are likely to have similar views. 

94) 

Answers will vary. Simple random sampling will work fine here, especially because a list of 7400 individuals who meet the needs of our study already exists (the frame). 

95) 

Response bias; poorly worded question 

96) 

Sampling bias; the customers are not chosen through a random sample. 

97) 

Nonresponse bias 

98) 

D 

99) 

C 

100) 

C 

101) 

A designed experiment is a controlled study in which treatments are applied to experimental units, and the effect of varying these treatments on a response variable is observed. 

102) 

A factor is the variable whose effect on the response variable is to be assessed by the experimenter. 

103) 

D 

104) 

B 

105) 

A 

106) 

C 

107) 

D 

108) 

C 

109) 

D 

110) 

D 

111) 

A 

112) 

B 

113) 

A 

114) 

C 

115) 

A 

116) 

B 

117) 

A 

118) 

C 

119) 

B 

120) 

D 

121) 

B 

122) 

C 

123) 

C 

124) 

B 

125) 

D 

126) 

A