Exam
Name___________________________________
 
SHORT ANSWER.  Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 

Figure 1.1

Using Figure 1.1, identify the following 
1) 

Identify the cavity that houses the brain. 

1)  

_____________ 

 
2) 

Label B points to the __________ cavity. 

2)  

_____________ 

 
3) 

Identify the cavity formed by the rib cage. 

3)  

_____________ 

 
4) 

Identify the structure that separates the thoracic cavity from the rest of the ventral cavity. 

4)  

_____________ 

 
5) 

Label E points to the __________ cavity. 

5)  

_____________ 

 
6) 

Identify the cavity that houses reproductive organs, urinary bladder, and the rectum. 

6)  

_____________ 

 
Fill in the blank or provide a short answer 
7) 

Groups of cells that have a common function are termed __________.		 

7)  

_____________ 

 
8) 

The heart and blood vessels are the primary organs of the __________ system. 

8)  

_____________ 

 
9) 

The system that functions in the storage of minerals, such as calcium, is called the __________ system. 

9)  

_____________ 

 
10) 

The __________ system rids the body of indigestible food residue in feces while the __________ system removes nitrogen-containing metabolic waste in urine. 

10)  

_____________ 

 
11) 

__________ refers to all of the chemical reactions in the body. 

11)  

_____________ 

 
12) 

The ability to sense changes and react to them is termed __________ or __________. 

12)  

_____________ 

 
13) 

The component of a control system that provides the means for the control center's response (output) is called the __________. 

13)  

_____________ 

 
14) 

The study of the body's small structures using a microscope is called __________. 

14)  

_____________ 

 
15) 

The role of the effector in the negative feedback mechanism is to __________ the stimulus while it __________ the stimulus in the positive feedback mechanism. 

15)  

_____________ 

 
16) 

The body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions is referred to as __________.  

16)  

_____________ 

 
17) 

The navel is __________ to the spine. 

17)  

_____________ 

 
18) 

The armpit area is called the __________ region.   

18)  

_____________ 

 
19) 

The antebrachial region is __________ to the brachial region. 

19)  

_____________ 

 
20) 

The central region of the thoracic cavity containing the heart is called the __________.  

20)  

_____________ 

 
21) 

The right and left iliac (inguinal) regions are lateral to the __________ region. 

21)  

_____________ 

 
22) 

The cranial and spinal cavities are subdivisions of the __________ cavity.  

22)  

_____________ 

 
23) 

A __________ section divides the body into equal left and right halves. 

23)  

_____________ 

 
24) 

Blood is categorized as a __________ because it is composed of similar cells with a common function. 

24)  

_____________ 

 
25) 

Ventral is a directional term synonymous with __________ in humans. 

25)  

_____________ 

 
26) 

The three medial regions of the abdominopelvic cavity are __________, __________, and __________. 

26)  

_____________ 

 
27) 

The navel is located in the __________ region of the abdominopelvic cavity. 

27)  

_____________ 

 
28) 

The two major body cavities are __________ and __________. 

28)  

_____________ 

 
29) 

Blood clotting and the birth of a baby are examples of the __________ feedback mechanism. 

29)  

_____________ 

 
30) 

The orbital cavities house the __________. 

30)  

_____________ 

 
31) 

The abdominopelvic cavity has __________ quadrants and __________ regions. 

31)  

_____________ 

 
32) 

The thoracic cavity is __________ to the abdominopelvic cavity. 

32)  

_____________ 

 
33) 

The epigastric region is __________ to the right hypochondriac region of the abdominopelvic cavity. 

33)  

_____________ 

 

Figure 1.2

Using Figure 1.2, identify the following 
34) 

Which region is associated with the hip and is situated lateral to the hypogastric region?  

34)  

_____________ 

 
35) 

Which region is the umbilical region? 

35)  

_____________ 

 
36) 

Which region is lateral to the umbilical region? 

36)  

_____________ 

 
37) 

Which region is associated with the lower ribs? 

37)  

_____________ 

 
38) 

The hypogastric region is 

38)  

_____________ 

 
39) 

The epigastric region is 

39)  

_____________ 

 
MULTIPLE CHOICE.  Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 
40) 

The study of the function of the body and body parts is called 

40) 

______ 
A) 

homeostasis 
B) 

irritability	 
C) 

negative feedback 
D) 

anatomy 
E) 

physiology 

 
41) 

Which of the following activities does NOT represent an anatomical study 

41) 

______ 
A) 

observing the parts of a reproducing cell 
B) 

examining the surface of a bone		 
C) 

viewing muscle tissue through a microscope 
D) 

studying how the nerves conduct electrical impulses 
E) 

making a section through the heart to observe its interior 

 
42) 

Which of the following is the correct sequence, going from simplest to most complex, in the levels of structural organization of the human body 

42) 

______ 
A) 

chemical level, tissue level, cellular level, organ system level, organ level, organismal level 
B) 

cellular level, chemical level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level 
C) 

chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level 
D) 

cellular level, tissue level, chemical level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level 
E) 

cellular level, chemical level, tissue level, organ system level, organismal level, organ level 

 
43) 

The  building blocks of all matter are known as 

43) 

______ 
A) 

cells 
B) 

organs 
C) 

tissues 
D) 

atoms 
E) 

organ systems 

 
44) 

Hematopoiesis, or blood cell formation, is a function of the 

44) 

______ 
A) 

integumentary system 
B) 

respiratory system 
C) 

skeletal system 
D) 

nervous system 
E) 

muscular system 

 
45) 

The main function of the respiratory system is 

45) 

______ 
A) 

break down food and deliver the products to the blood for dispersal 
B) 

supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide 
C) 

control body activities through hormones released into the blood 
D) 

produce sperm and eggs 
E) 

transport oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to and from body cells and tissues 

 
46) 

The system that controls and coordinates the body through hormones is the 

46) 

______ 
A) 

nervous system 
B) 

digestive system 
C) 

skeletal system 
D) 

integumentary system 
E) 

endocrine system 

 
47) 

The muscular system consists of the  

47) 

______ 
A) 

skeletal muscles and the muscles of the heart  
B) 

muscles of the heart and those in the walls of the hollow organs  
C) 

skeletal muscles  
D) 

muscles of the heart  
E) 

muscles in the walls of hollow organs  

 
48) 

Which two organ systems include the pancreas 

48) 

______ 
A) 

digestive and endocrine systems 
B) 

digestive and respiratory systems 
C) 

reproductive and urinary systems  
D) 

endocrine and respiratory systems 
E) 

urinary and respiratory systems 

 
49) 

Which system covers the external surface of the body and protects deeper tissues 

49) 

______ 
A) 

integumentary system 
B) 

nervous system 
C) 

skeletal system 
D) 

lymphatic system 
E) 

endocrine system 

 
50) 

What is the major function of the urinary system 

50) 

______ 
A) 

eliminate nitrogen-containing metabolic wastes from the body  
B) 

break down food into absorbable units  
C) 

produce offspring  
D) 

return leaked fluids back to the cardiovascular system 
E) 

secrete hormones to regulate body processes such as growth and reproduction 

 
51) 

Which of the following is NOT a necessary life function 

51) 

______ 
A) 

movement 
B) 

metabolism 
C) 

maintaining boundaries 
D) 

responsiveness 
E) 

nutrients 

 
52) 

Which of the following systems is matched most accurately to the life function it provides 

52) 

______ 
A) 

nervous system - excretion 
B) 

muscular system - maintaining boundaries 
C) 

respiratory system - digestion 
D) 

nervous system - responsiveness 
E) 

integumentary system - movement 

 
53) 

Which of these is NOT a survival need 

53) 

______ 
A) 

nutrients 
B) 

reproduction 
C) 

water 
D) 

oxygen 
E) 

body temperature 

 
54) 

Which of the following is the correct order of elements in a control system 

54) 

______ 
A) 

receptor, stimulus, efferent pathway, control center, afferent pathway, effector, response 
B) 

stimulus, receptor, efferent pathway, control center, afferent pathway, effector, response 
C) 

stimulus, receptor, afferent pathway, control center, efferent pathway, effector, response 
D) 

effector, stimulus, efferent pathway, control center, afferent pathway, receptor, response 
E) 

receptor, stimulus, afferent pathway, control center, efferent pathway, effector, response 

 
55) 

Which of the following elements of a control system detects a change 

55) 

______ 
A) 

control center 
B) 

effector 
C) 

efferent pathway 
D) 

stimulus 
E) 

receptor 

 
56) 

Positive feedback systems 

56) 

______ 
A) 

regulate heart and breathing rates, and operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is enhanced and increases  
B) 

regulate heart and breathing rates  
C) 

regulate heart and breathing rates, and operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is shut off or reduced  
D) 

operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is enhanced and increases  
E) 

operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is shut off or reduced  

 
57) 

Which of the following is considered a normal body temperature 

57) 

______ 
A) 

42 degrees Celsius 
B) 

45 degrees Celsius 
C) 

35 degrees Celsius 
D) 

29  degree Celsius 
E) 

37 degrees Celsius 

 
58) 

When correctly situated in anatomical position, where are your feet  in relation to your knees 

58) 

______ 
A) 

proximal 

B) 

deep 

C) 

distal 

D) 

medial 

E) 

superior 

 
59) 

Which of the following orientation and directional terms have the same meaning (in humans) 

59) 

______ 
A) 

inferior and cranial 
B) 

anterior and dorsal 
C) 

anterior and ventral 
D) 

inferior and cephalad 
E) 

superior and caudal 

 
60) 

Which of the following orientation terms have opposite meanings (in humans) 

60) 

______ 
A) 

medial and anterior 
B) 

superficial and proximal 
C) 

posterior and intermediate 
D) 

distal and proximal 
E) 

medial and distal 

 
61) 

Which of the following regional terms means the anterior surface of the elbow 

61) 

______ 
A) 

scapular region 
B) 

vertebral region 
C) 

calcaneal region 
D) 

antecubital region 
E) 

gluteal region 

 
62) 

Mandy pulled a muscle in the inguinal region. Where is this region 

62) 

______ 
A) 

groin 

B) 

hip 

C) 

leg 

D) 

thigh 

E) 

buttock 

 
63) 

In describing the relationship between the patellar and popliteal regions 

63) 

______ 
A) 

the patellar region is proximal to the popliteal region	 
B) 

the patellar region is distal to the popliteal region 
C) 

the patellar region is lateral to the popliteal region 
D) 

the patellar region is superior to the popliteal region 
E) 

the patellar region is anterior to the popliteal region 

 
64) 

Which body cavity can be subdivided into four quadrants and nine regions  

64) 

______ 
A) 

abdominopelvic cavity 
B) 

nasal cavity 
C) 

spinal cavity 
D) 

orbital cavity 
E) 

thoracic cavity 

 
65) 

The lungs and heart are situated in the __________ body cavity. 

65) 

______ 
A) 

spinal 
B) 

dorsal 
C) 

thoracic 
D) 

abdominopelvic 
E) 

cranial 

 
66) 

Which of these body regions is located on the anterior side of the body 

66) 

______ 
A) 

lumbar 

B) 

occipital 

C) 

sternal 

D) 

popliteal 

E) 

gluteal 

 
67) 

The region that refers to the fingers and toes is the 

67) 

______ 
A) 

brachial region 
B) 

axillary region 
C) 

carpal region 
D) 

antebrachial region 
E) 

digital region 

 
68) 

The dorsal body cavity houses the 

68) 

______ 
A) 

digestive and reproductive organs 
B) 

tongue 
C) 

spinal cord and brain 
D) 

heart and lungs 
E) 

urinary and reproductive organs 

 
69) 

Which of these regions are associated with the parts of the arm 

69) 

______ 
A) 

femoral, popliteal, patellar 
B) 

pelvic, pubic, inguinal 
C) 

acromial, sacral, gluteal 
D) 

brachial, antecubital, carpal 
E) 

nasal, oral, occipital 

 
70) 

Which of these regions is NOT associated with the ventral (anterior) portion of the head 

70) 

______ 
A) 

buccal 

B) 

oral 

C) 

occipital 

D) 

nasal 

E) 

orbital 

 
71) 

A section that divides the body on the longitudinal plane into equal right and left parts is called 

71) 

______ 
A) 

frontal 
B) 

transverse 
C) 

oblique 
D) 

coronal 
E) 

median (midsagittal) 

 
72) 

Which type of section could be used to separate the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity 

72) 

______ 
A) 

coronal 
B) 

transverse 
C) 

ventral 
D) 

sagittal 
E) 

dorsal 

 
73) 

Which ventral cavity subdivision has no bony protection 

73) 

______ 
A) 

spinal 
B) 

pelvic 
C) 

cranial 
D) 

thoracic 
E) 

abdominal 

 
74) 

Which set of regions in the abdominopelvic cavity is medial 

74) 

______ 
A) 

epigastric, right, and left hypochondriac regions 
B) 

umbilical, right lumbar, and left lumbar regions 
C) 

right and left iliac (inguinal), and hypogastric regions 
D) 

epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric regions 
E) 

iliac (inguinal), lumbar, and hypogastric regions 

 
75) 

The thoracic cavity is __________ to the abdominopelvic cavity. 

75) 

______ 
A) 

proximal 

B) 

inferior 

C) 

dorsal 

D) 

lateral 

E) 

superior 

 
76) 

The ribs are located in the 

76) 

______ 
A) 

right and left hypochondriac regions 
B) 

right and left iliac regions 
C) 

right and left inguinal regions 
D) 

right and left lumbar regions 
E) 

right and left pubic regions 

 
77) 

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the location of the stomach 

77) 

______ 
A) 

the stomach is located in the left lower quadrant 
B) 

the stomach is located in the right upper quadrant 
C) 

the stomach is located in the right lower quadrant 
D) 

the stomach is located in the left upper quadrant 
E) 

the stomach is located medially 

 
TRUE/FALSE.  Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 
78) 

The highest level of structural organization in humans is the organ level. 

78) 

______ 

 
79) 

The endocrine system is the fast-acting body control system.  

79) 

______ 

 
80) 

The adrenals, pancreas, thyroid, and parathryoids are glands of the endocrine system. 

80) 

______ 

 
81) 

The lymphatic system collects fluids leaked by the cardiovascular system and returns them to the bloodstream. 

81) 

______ 

 
82) 

The maintenance of boundaries between the internal organs of the body and the outside world is achieved by the endocrine system.   

82) 

______ 

 
83) 

Most homeostatic control mechanisms are negative feedback reactions. 

83) 

______ 

 
84) 

The human body consists of approximately 60% to 80% water.   

84) 

______ 

 
85) 

In anatomical positions, the palms are oriented medially. 

85) 

______ 

 
86) 

The heel of the foot constitutes the plantar region.  

86) 

______ 

 
87) 

Proximal means farther from the origin of a body part. 

87) 

______ 

 
88) 

The hypogastric region is directly superior to the umbilical region. 

88) 

______ 

 
89) 

The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm. 

89) 

______ 

 
90) 

The spinal cavity is part of the ventral body cavity. 

90) 

______ 

 
91) 

Transverse or horizontal sections divide the body into anterior and posterior parts. 

91) 

______ 

 
92) 

There is no physical structure that separates the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity. 

92) 

______ 

 
MATCHING.  Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1. 
Match the following 
93) 

Superior 

A) 

toward the head 

93) 

______ 

94) 

Dorsal 

B) 

behind 

94) 

______ 

95) 

Lateral	 

C) 

toward the midline 

95) 

______ 

96) 

Deep 

D) 

close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk 

96) 

______ 
97) 

97) 

______ 
Distal 

98) 

E) 

in front of 

98) 

______ 
Medial 

99) 

F) 

away from the body surface 

99) 

______ 
Superficial 

100) 

G) 

away from the head 

100) 

_____ 
Proximal 

101) 

H) 

away from the midline 

101) 

_____ 
Ventral 

I) 

on the inner side 

J) 

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk 

K) 

toward the body surface 

 
Match the following 
102) 

Axillary 

A) 

lateral surface of leg 

102) 

_____ 

103) 

Olecranal 

B) 

elbow 

103) 

_____ 

104) 

Deltoid 

C) 

curve of shoulder 

104) 

_____ 

105) 

Antebrachial  

D) 

forearm 

105) 

_____ 

106) 

Popliteal 

E) 

armpit 

106) 

_____ 

107) 

Umbilical 

F) 

posterior knee 

107) 

_____ 

108) 

Occipital 

G) 

posterior surface of head 

108) 

_____ 

109) 

Fibular 

H) 

navel 

109) 

_____ 

110) 

Patellar 

I) 

leg 

110) 

_____ 

111) 

Crural 

J) 

anterior knee 

111) 

_____ 

 
Match the following. 
112) 

Produces hormones  

A) 

digestive system  

112) 

_____ 

113) 

Cleansing of blood by lymph nodes 

B) 

muscular system  

113) 

_____ 

114) 

Site of hematopoiesis   

C) 

integumentary system  

114) 

_____ 

115) 

Regulation of water and electrolytes  

D) 

respiratory system  

115) 

_____ 

116) 

Skeletal muscles move the bones  

E) 

urinary system  

116) 

_____ 

117) 

Helps regulate body temperature   

F) 

endocrine system  

117) 

_____ 

G) 

skeletal system  

H) 

lymphatic system  

 
ESSAY.  Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 
118) 

Distinguish between anatomy and physiology. 

 
119) 

List, and briefly define, the human body's organization levels from smallest to largest. 

 
120) 

Of the eight necessary human life functions, which one do you think is not absolutely necessary for us to survive on an organismal level?  Explain your choice. 

 
121) 

List and explain the five survival needs of humans. 

 
122) 

Describe how a midsagittal section differs from a sagittal section. 

 
123) 

Identify the two dorsal body cavities, and state their locations and the organs contained therein. 

 
124) 

Compare and contrast the antecubital region to the olecranal region.  

 
125) 

Explain how scratching an itch is an example of the negative feedback mechanism. 

 
126) 

Explain the terms distal and proximal using an example. 

 
127) 

Describe anatomical position. Explain why anatomical position is used. 

 
128) 

Describe the role of the effector in the negative feedback system. 

 
1) 

A 

2) 

spinal 

3) 

C 

4) 

D 

5) 

abdominal 

6) 

F 

7) 

tissues 

8) 

cardiovascular 

9) 

skeletal  

10) 

digestive; urinary 

11) 

Metabolism 

12) 

irritability; responsiveness 

13) 

effector 

14) 

microscopic anatomy 

15) 

decrease, inhibit, or depress; enhances or increases 

16) 

homeostasis  

17) 

ventral or anterior 

18) 

axillary  

19) 

inferior or distal 

20) 

mediastinum  

21) 

hypogastric 

22) 

dorsal  

23) 

midsagittal or median 

24) 

tissue 

25) 

anterior 

26) 

epigastric region, umbilical region, hypogastric region 

27) 

umbilical 

28) 

ventral; dorsal 

29) 

positive 

30) 

eyes 

31) 

4; 9 

32) 

superior 

33) 

medial 

34) 

F 

35) 

C 

36) 

D 

37) 

B 

38) 

E 

39) 

A 

40) 

E 

41) 

D 

42) 

C 

43) 

D 

44) 

C 

45) 

B 

46) 

E 

47) 

C 

48) 

A 

49) 

A 

50) 

A 

51) 

E 

52) 

D 

53) 

B 

54) 

C 

55) 

E 

56) 

D 

57) 

E 

58) 

C 

59) 

C 

60) 

D 

61) 

D 

62) 

A 

63) 

E 

64) 

A 

65) 

C 

66) 

C 

67) 

E 

68) 

C 

69) 

D 

70) 

C 

71) 

E 

72) 

B 

73) 

E 

74) 

D 

75) 

E 

76) 

A 

77) 

D 

78) 

FALSE 

79) 

FALSE 

80) 

TRUE 

81) 

TRUE 

82) 

FALSE 

83) 

TRUE 

84) 

TRUE 

85) 

FALSE 

86) 

FALSE 

87) 

FALSE 

88) 

FALSE 

89) 

TRUE 

90) 

FALSE 

91) 

FALSE 

92) 

TRUE 

93) 

A 
94) 

B 
95) 

H 
96) 

F 
97) 

J 
98) 

C 
99) 

K 
100) 

D 

101) 

E 

102) 

E 
103) 

B 
104) 

C 
105) 

D 
106) 

F 
107) 

H 
108) 

G 
109) 

A 
110) 

J 
111) 

I 

112) 

F 
113) 

H 
114) 

G 
115) 

E 
116) 

B 
117) 

C 

118) 

Anatomy is the study of the structure and shape of the body and body parts, and their relationships to one another. Physiology is the study of how the body and its parts work or function. 

119) 

1.  chemical level 
	a.  atoms are the basic building blocks of matter
	b.  molecules are units formed by atoms combining

2.  cellular level cells are the smallest living unit in living organisms

3.  tissue level tissues are groupings of cells performing a common function

4.  organ level an organ is a structure consisting of two or more tissue types

5.  organ system level an organ system describes a group of organs functioning cooperatively for a common purpose	

6.  organism level a human organism consists of all of the organ systems of the body working together to promote healthy functioning (homeostasis)  

120) 

Reproduction at the organismal level is not absolutely necessary for each of us to survive day by day.  It is not critical for our own survival that we reproduce new offspring via the production of eggs or sperm. Therefore, humans can live without a functional reproductive system and still maintain life.   

121) 

1.  Nutrientsinclude carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, which are taken in via the diet for energy and cell building.
2.  Oxygenrequired to release energy from food.
3.  Wateraccounts for over 60% of the body weight, and provides the basis for various body fluids.
4.  Appropriate body temperaturewhen too high or too low, physiological activities cease, primarily because molecules are destroyed or become nonfunctional.
5.  Appropriate atmospheric pressurethe force exerted on the surface of the body by the weight of air; is essential for normal operation of the respiratory system and breathing. 

122) 

A cut down the median plane of the body is known as a midsagittal or median section.  This type of section creates equal left and right parts.  A sagittal section creates a longitudinal cut down the body that creates left and right parts, presumably unequal.   

123) 

1.  Cranial cavitythe superior posterior space inside the bony skull that houses the brain.
2.  Spinal cavitythe inferior posterior space inside the bony vertebral column that houses the spinal cord. 

124) 

The antecubital region is the anterior surface of the elbow while the olecranal region is the posterior surface of the elbow. While both of these regions refer to the elbow, the antecubital region is anterior surface and the olecranal region is posterior surface.   

125) 

1.  Stimulus or input is the itch.
2.  A receptor carries the information about the stimulus (itch) to the brain via an afferent pathway.
3.  Control center (brain) analyzes this information an turns on an effector which will cancel the stimulus.
4.  Information reaches the effector via the efferent pathway from the brain. Muscles move the hand to scratch the itch.
5.  Scratching continues until the itch goes away. The brain shuts off the effector once homeostasis is restored. 

126) 

The term distal means farther from the origin of a body part or point or the attachment of a limb to the trunk.  The ankle is distal to the knee means the ankle is further from the leg's attachment to the trunk than the knee.  The term proximal means closer to the origin of a body part of the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk.  The knee is proximal to the ankle means the knee is closer to the leg's attachment to the trunk than the ankle.  

127) 

Anatomical position is defined as standing erect, feet parallel to the arms, palms facing forward. Anatomical position is used because it is a standard position; it also helps us to avoid confusion. Additionally, anatomical position is a reference point that helps us accurately describe body parts and position. 

128) 

The effector is the control center's output and response to the stimulus. The effector's job is to cancel or shut off the control mechanism.