Exam
Name___________________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE.  Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) The chief aim of natural healing methods is to enhance the	1) _______
A) innate healing force.	B) curing of patients.
C) prescribed medication.	D) medical treatment.

2) Which characteristics are associated with the idea of healing?	2) _______
A) Inside force, active recipient	B) Outside force, passive recipient
C) Inside force, passive recipient	D) Outside force, active recipient

3) The term massage and bodywork describes	3) _______
A) categories of Western massage.	B) holistic approach to healing.
C) a wide variety of manual therapies.	D) Asian bodywork therapy.

4) The actions and intentions of the practitioner constitute the	4) _______
A) Ayurvedic massage tradition.	B) natural healing philosophy.
C) massage technique.	D) wellness perspective.

5) Lomi-lomi of Hawaii is an example of the ________ massage tradition.	5) _______
A) Ayurvedic	B) native and folk
C) Western massage and bodywork	D) Asian bodywork

6) The Ayurvedic massage tradition originated in	6) _______
A) Sweden.	B) India.
C) the United States.	D) China.

7) The following is not one of the seven major Western massage technique categories.	7) _______
A) Polarity	B) Friction
C) Joint movements	D) Effleurage

8) Percussion techniques, like rapping and cupping, fall into the following major Western massage technique category.	8) _______

A) Tapotement	B) Effleurage	C) Friction	D) Petrissage

9) Passive touch, holding, and laying the hands on the body are examples of the following major Western massage technique category.	9) _______

A) Tapotement	B) Touch without movement
C) Friction	D) Petrissage

10) Which of the following is not considered a form of contemporary massage and bodywork?	10) ______
A) Ayurvedic massage	B) Polarity therapy
C) Lymphatic drainage massage	D) Neuromuscular massage

11) Practitioners who incorporate elements of different traditions or systems of massage and bodywork are called	11) ______

A) alternative.	B) integrative.	C) holistic.	D) eclectic.

12) The following term is used when a prescribed healing method is considered secondary to the treatments of mainstream medicine.	12) ______

A) Eclectic	B) Complementary
C) Alternative	D) Integrative

13) The International Spa Association (ISPA) identifies a category for spas that integrate spa services with conventional and complementary therapies. These are called	13) ______

A) medical spas.	B) day spas.
C) specialty spas.	D) destination spas.

14) A wellness perspective goes beyond the old idea of health as the absence of disease to the goal of achieving	14) ______

A) recovery from disease or injury.	B) injury and disease prevention.
C) a vibrant, meaningful life.	D) a pain- and disease-free existence.

15) On Travis's Illness/Wellness Continuum, the halfway marker on the continuum is	15) ______
A) neutral point.	B) signs and symptoms.
C) high-level wellness.	D) awareness point.

SHORT ANSWER.  Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Match the following activities with the most appropriate Component of Wellness and a Healthy Lifestyle

A.	physical well-being
B.	emotional well-being
C.	intellectual well-being
D.	social well-being
E.	spiritual well-being
F.	vocational well-being

16) _____ seeking counsel when needed	16)  _____________

17) _____ having a network of family and friends	17)  _____________

18) _____ knowing your purpose in life	18)  _____________

19) _____ getting adequate sleep	19)  _____________

20) _____ school and job satisfaction	20)  _____________

21) _____ learning from life experiences	21)  _____________

MULTIPLE CHOICE.  Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
22) The Wellness Massage Pyramid is a useful tool for describing	22) ______
A) natural healing philosophy.	B) the treatment model.
C) the reasons people seek massage.	D) physical well-being.

23) The three levels at the base of the Wellness Massage Pyramid that represent deficiency needs are	23) ______
A) health maintenance, personal growth, and enjoyment of life.
B) recovery, prevention, and personal growth.
C) treatment, recovery, and prevention.
D) prevention, neutral zone, and health maintenance.

24) Seeking massage to relieve self-diagnosed muscular stress from repetitive motion would be considered to be at this level of the Wellness Massage Pyramid.	24) ______

A) Treatment	B) Neural zone
C) Personal growth	D) Prevention

25) The following terms are wellness terminology.	25) ______
A) Patient, rehabilitation, and protocol
B) Case, diagnosis, and intervention
C) Client, assessment, and session strategy
D) Case history, treatment plan, and medical setting

26) The four major traditions of massage are	26) ______
A) folk and native traditions, Ayurvedic massage, Swedish massage, and Western massage and bodywork.
B) folk and native traditions, Ayurvedic massage, Asian bodywork therapies, and Western massage and bodywork.
C) effleurage, petrissage, friction, and vibration.
D) folk and native traditions, Ayurvedic massage, Curanderas, and Western massage and bodywork.

27) A person who is creative and receptive to new ideas and solutions demonstrates	27) ______
A) physical well-being.	B) emotional well-being.
C) social well-being.	D) intellectual well-being.

28) When looking at massage from a wellness perspective, the intention of massage is usually to	28) ______
A) achieve a high level of wellness in many areas of a person's life.
B) relieve pain or stress.
C) achieve a high level of wellness in one specific aspect of a person's life.
D) treat a specific medical condition.

29) In the holistic health paradigm, massage affects the	29) ______
A) mind.	B) physical body.	C) spirit.	D) whole person.

30) Petrissage techniques include	30) ______
A) percussion.	B) friction.
C) kneading and compression.	D) sliding and gliding.

31) A person diagnosed with breast cancer who wants to try a treatment that is outside of conventional Western medicine would be seeking a(n)	31) ______

A) integrative therapy.	B) esoteric therapy.
C) complementary therapy.	D) alternative therapy.

32) When a person with an illness seeks a cure, she is looking for	32) ______
A) a complementary treatment.	B) an external treatment.
C) a holistic approach to wellness.	D) a prevention strategy.

33) Which of the following is not true about massage traditions?	33) ______
A) They may originate in a specific geographic region or culture.
B) They may be spread from one group of people to another.
C) They are unchanging, fixed practices.
D) They are a useful framework for categorizing various massage practices.

34) Folk and native traditions of massage and bodywork are usually	34) ______
A) passed down to others through apprenticeship.
B) practiced with the single goal of healing the sick.
C) based on traditional Chinese medicine.
D) based on centuries-old practices that originated in ancient Greece and Rome.

35) Which massage tradition believes that massage is necessary to circulate vayu (or wind) in vessels called siras to promote healthy body functioning?	35) ______

A) Folk and native massage traditions	B) Asian bodywork therapy
C) Western massage	D) Ayurvedic massage tradition

SHORT ANSWER.  Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
36) Within the Wellness Massage Pyramid, the ________ ________ refers to the absence of disease or injury.	36)  _____________

37) A person who is able to express her emotions appropriately and comfortably and who shows respect and affection for others demonstrates her ________ well-being.	37)  _____________

38) The wellness term for "indication" is ________.	38)  _____________

39) Natural healing philosophy includes belief in an ________ healing force.	39)  _____________

40) When viewing illness from a ________ perspective, it is possible for a chronically ill person to be maintaining his health in other areas.	40)  _____________

41) Massage is often used as ________ to a primary medical treatment when a person is recovering from an illness or injury.	41)  _____________

42) A mechanic who performs numerous repetitive motions on the job may seek massage to ________ future injury.	42)  _____________

43) Regular massage can help people feel integrated in ________ and ________.	43)  _____________

44) Physical therapists generally focus on ________, ________, and ________ when working with patients.	44)  _____________

45) In many nursing homes, patients receive massage as part of ________ care.	45)  _____________

TRUE/FALSE.  Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
46) Patient, treatment, indication, and therapy are all terms used commonly in the medical setting.	46) ______

47) Complementary therapies are considered options outside of mainstream medicine.	47) ______

48) The Ayurvedic massage tradition originated in India.	48) ______

49) Healing and curing essentially mean the same thing.	49) ______

50) The primary characteristics of massage are tapping and holding.	50) ______

ESSAY.  Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
51) Explain the difference between the concepts of healing and curing. Why is the concept of healing a better fit for the natural healing arts and philosophy?

52) Name and describe the four major massage and bodywork traditions. Give examples of each.

53) Name and describe the seven basic Western massage technique categories. Give an example of a specific massage technique for each category.

54) Discuss the relationship between conventional Western medicine and therapies that are called alternative and complementary. Explain the concept of integrative health care and how it differs from that of CAM therapies. Use examples from massage therapy in your discussion.

55) Draw the Wellness Pyramid, labeling the levels from bottom to top. Use the Wellness Pyramid to explain the many different reasons people seek massage. Be specific in your examples.

56) Discuss the meaning of the term holistic and how it relates to massage practice.

57) Describe your own attitudes toward health and healing and how they might relate to the ways you take care of yourself using massage.

1) A
2) A
3) C
4) C
5) B
6) B
7) A
8) A
9) B
10) A
11) D
12) B
13) A
14) C
15) A
16) B
17) D
18) E
19) A
20) F
21) C
22) C
23) C
24) D
25) C
26) B
27) D
28) A
29) D
30) C
31) D
32) B
33) C
34) A
35) D
36) neutral zone
37) emotional 
38) benefit
39) innate
40) wellness 
41) secondary
42) prevent
43) body, mind
44) treatment, recovery, prevention
45) palliative
46) TRUE
47) FALSE
48) TRUE
49) FALSE
50) FALSE
51) The connotation of curing is of an outside force given to a passive recipient/patient, while healing implies the existence of an innate force at work from within and the recipient is an active participant in his or her own recovery. The concept of an innate healing force is basic to the natural healing philosophy.
52) The four major massage and bodywork traditions are (1) native and folk, (2) Ayurvedic, (3) Asian bodywork therapy, and (4) Western massage. Native and folk traditions are passed down through the generations within families or by tribal and village healers and are based on what has been done in the past and on experience. Examples are Hawaiian lomi-lomi and Hispanic healers called curanderas. The Ayurvedic tradition originated in India and can be traced to ancient texts called the Vedas. Different types of oils are chosen carefully for each recipient of Ayurvedic massage. Asian bodywork tradition is based in Chinese medicine including theory of qi, energy channels, and acupoints. Forms of ABT include amma, acupressure, and shiatsu. The Western massage tradition is based on Western anatomy and physiology and includes the seven basic technique categories. Forms of Western massage include the classic Swedish massage, and contemporary forms like myofascial massage and lymphatic drainage massage. 
53) The seven basic Western massage technique categories are (1) effleurage (i.e., sliding and gliding movements), (2) petrissage (i.e., kneading, lifting, and wringing movements), (3) friction (i.e., rubbing two surfaces together as in superficial and deep friction), (4) tapotement (i.e., percussion movements), (5) vibration (i.e., oscillating, quivering, or trembling movements), (6) touch without movement, such as passive touch or holding, and (7) joint movements, such as mobilizing techniques and stretches.
54) Conventional Western medicine (CWM) is the mainstream or regular medical practice in Western areas such as North America and Europe and is now practiced all over the globe. Methods of healing that are different from conventional Western medicine and used instead of CWM are called alternative therapies (for example, the use of an Asian bodywork therapy such as shiatsu instead of CWM). Complementary therapies are used in conjunction with CWM but are secondary CWM treatment (for example, relaxation massage used in palliative care of a hospitalized patient). Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is always seen in contrast to CWM. In integrative health care settings, a wide variety of healing methods, including CWM and CAM therapies, are viewed on more equal terms with the best methods chosen for an individual case. For example, a patient with colitis may be prescribed regular massage to reduce stress along with medication and a change in diet and exercise.
55) See Figure 1-4 for the Wellness Massage Pyramid. Starting with the base of pyramid and moving toward the top, someone might receive massage to treat a stress related illness like colitis; or in recovery from surgery to form a healthy scar; or to prevent a repetitive strain injury like tennis elbow; or to maintain health through relaxation and good circulation; or for personal growth by better connecting the mind and body; or for enjoyment of life through the pleasures of healing touch.
56) The term holistic relates to concepts of health and healing that consider a person's wholeness, meaning his or her physical body, mind, emotions, and spirit. While massage practice focuses on a person's physical body, many practitioners will incorporate other, non-Western approaches to massage practice that transcend the physical and include things like energy flow. 
57) Answers will vary by student, but could include a range of answers. For example, a student may describe how his or her belief in holistic approaches to health and healing initially led into massage. Others may describe having more of a Western leaning toward medicine, but see the value of complementary practices like massage to help with specific issues, like stress relief of pain management.