File: ch01, Chapter 1: Introducing Organizational Behavior

True/False

1.	Organizational climate is the study of human behavior in organizations.

Ans: False 
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Easy
Learning Objective 1: What is organizational behavior and why is it important? 
Reference: What is Organizational Behavior?

2.	In the dynamic, shifting, and complex workplaces of today, learning about organizational behavior can help you expand your potential for career success.

Ans: True
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 1: What is organizational behavior and why is it important?  
Reference: What is Organizational Behavior?

3.	The early focus of the systematic study of management was on physical working conditions, principles of administration, and principles of industrial engineering.

Ans: True
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior?  
Reference: Scientific Foundations of Organizational Behavior

4.	Organizational behavior is an interdisciplinary body of knowledge with strong ties to psychology, sociology, chemistry, and anthropology.

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior? 
Reference: Interdisciplinary Body of Knowledge 

5.	Research finds that financial capital is the building block of organizational success.

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Easy
Learning Objective 1: What is organizational behavior and why is it important? 
Reference: What is Organizational Behavior?

6.	Given the importance of teams, organizational behavior is an academic discipline devoted only to understanding group behavior.

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 1: What is organizational behavior and why is it important? 
Reference: What is Organizational Behavior?

7.	Organizational behavior uses scientific methods to develop generalizations about behavior in organizations.

Ans: True
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 1: What is organizational behavior and why is it important? 
Reference: What is Organizational Behavior?

8.	Research in organizational behavior is based on scientific thinking, which means the proposed explanations are carefully tested and the explanations that can be scientifically verified are the only ones that are accepted.

Ans: True
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior?  
Reference: Uses of Scientific Method

9.	As job satisfaction increases, absenteeism tends to go up; as job satisfaction decreases, absenteeism often goes down.

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior?  
Reference: Uses of Scientific Methods

10.	Stated a bit differently, contingency thinking recognizes that there are no cookie-cutter solutions that can be universally applied to solve organizational problems.

Ans: True
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Difficult
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior?  
Reference: Contingency Thinking

11.	Commonly used organizational behavior research methods include case studies, survey studies, meta analyses, field studies, and laboratory studies. 

Ans: True
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior? 
Reference: Uses of Scientific Methods

12.	When organizational behavior researchers collect data in real-life organizational settings, the research method of case studies is being used.

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Comprehension
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior? 
Reference: Uses of Scientific Methods 

13.	Laboratory studies are being used when organizational behavior researchers collect data in simulated and controlled settings.

Ans: True
Bloom’s: Comprehension
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior?  
Reference: Uses of Scientific Methods

14.	When organizational behavior researchers collect data by using questionnaires and interviews in sample populations, the research method of meta analysis is being used.

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Comprehension
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior?  
Reference: Uses of Scientific Methods 

15.	Organizational behavior scholars believe that there is one “best” or universal way to manage people and organizations.

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Comprehension
Level: Easy
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior? 
Reference: Contingency Thinking

16.	The least important responsibility of the science of organizational behavior is to create and test models that offer evidence-based foundations for decision making and action.

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior? 
Reference: Quest for Evidence

17.	Evidence-based management uses hard facts and empirical evidence to make decisions.

Ans: True
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior?  
Reference: Quest for Evidence

18.	Organizational behavior research is now rich with empirically based insights into cross-cultural issues.

Ans: True
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior?  
Reference: Cross-Cultural Awareness 

19.	Followers are more accepting of a transformational style of leadership, according to Eagley and colleagues, when the leader is male.

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Difficult
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior? 
Reference: Women Might Make Better Leaders

20.	In the contemporary business world, important trends include the demise of “command-and-control” type of organizational structures and a commitment to ethical behavior.

Ans: True
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 1: What is organizational behavior and why is it important? 
Reference: Trends with Human Behavior in Organizations

21.	A team is defined as a collection of people working together in a division of labor to achieve a common purpose.

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 3: What is the context of organizational behavior?  
Reference: Organizations and the External Environment 

22.	Organizations that obtain resource inputs from the environment and transform them into outputs that are returned to the environment in the form of finished goods or services are viewed as open systems.

Ans: True
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 3: What is the context of organizational behavior? 
Reference: Organizations and the External Environment

23.	People are hesitant to make decisions and take action on their own, in organizational cultures that are more authoritarian and hierarchical, so they tend to show little initiative and wait for approval.

Ans: True
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 3: What is the context of organizational behavior? 
Reference: The Internal Environment of Organizations 

24.	Customers, owners, employees, suppliers, regulators, and local communities are among the key stakeholders of most business organizations.

Ans: True
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Easy
Learning Objective 3: What is the context of organizational behavior? 
Reference: Organizations and the External Environment

25.	Fortunately, organizational stakeholders typically have the same business interests and objectives.

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 3: What is the context of organizational behavior? 
Reference: Organizations and the External Environment

26.	Some organizational climates are relaxed and informal, while others are more structured. 

Ans: True
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 3: What is the context of organizational behavior? 
Reference: The Internal Environment of Organizations

27.	Workforce diversity involves differences based on gender, race and ethnicity, age, and able-bodiedness, but not sexual orientation.

Ans: True
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 3: What is the context of organizational behavior? 
Reference: Diversity and Multiculturalism in Organizations

28.	Unfortunately, today’s labor force is composed of fewer women than in prior years.

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 3: What is the context of organizational behavior? 
Reference: Diversity and Multiculturalism in Organizations

29.	Today, the proportion of African-Americans, Hispanics, and Asians in the labor force is increasing.

Ans: True
Bloom’s: Knowledge

Level: Medium
Learning Objective 3: What is the context of organizational behavior? 
Reference: Diversity and Multiculturalism in Organizations

30.	Demographic trends indicate that unlike today, in the future, people of color will not constitute the majority of the U.S. population.

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Difficult
Learning Objective 3: What is the context of organizational behavior? 
Reference: Diversity and Multiculturalism in Organizations

31.	A key element in any organization that embraces multiculturalism is inclusion.

Ans: True
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 3: What is the context of organizational behavior? 
Reference: Diversity and Multiculturalism in Organizations

32.	Despite the fact that its members are uncommitted and unenthusiastic, an effective manager is one whose organizational unit, group, or team consistently achieves its goals.

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Difficult
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Effective Managers

33.	Employee performance is defined as the quality and quantity of the work produced or the services provided by a work unit as a whole.

Ans: False
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Effective Managers

34.	Organizational behavior clearly indicates that managers should be held accountable for task performance results, but not job satisfaction results since job satisfaction results are the domain of employees.

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Difficult
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Effective Managers

35.	In the workplace today, management is most effectively accomplished through “directing” and “controlling” rather than “supporting.”

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Effective Managers

36.	The word “manager” is increasingly being replaced in conversations by such terms as “coordinator,” “coach,” or “team leader.”

Ans: True
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Effective Managers

37.	The four basic functions of management are delegating, leading, controlling, and decision making.

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: The Management Process

38.	Controlling is the process of creating work structures and systems, and arranging resources to accomplish goals and objectives.

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Easy
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: The Management Process

39.	When managers are instilling enthusiasm by communicating with others, motivating them to work hard, and maintaining good interpersonal skills, they are engaged in the managerial function of leading.

Ans: True
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: The Management Process

40.	Henry Mintzberg identified a set of roles that managers perform. These roles are: interpersonal, informational, and decisional.

Ans: True
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Easy
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: The Management Process

41.	Henry Mintzberg identified the set of roles that managers perform as technical, human, and conceptual.

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: The Management Process

42.	Managerial roles that involve working directly with other people, according to Henry Mintzberg, are called human roles.

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Difficult
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: The Management Process

43.	A manager’s informational roles include being a figurehead, leader, and liaison.

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: The Management Process

44.	According to Henry Mintzberg, when a manager acts as a disturbance handler, this is an interpersonal role.

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: The Management Process

45.	Managerial roles involving decision-making that affects other people, according to Henry Mintzberg, are called technical roles.

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Difficult
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: The Management Process

46.	Decisional roles include seeking out problems to solve and opportunities to explore, helping to resolve conflict, allocating resources, and negotiating with other parties.

Ans: True
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Difficult
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: The Management Process

47.	The essential skills of management, according to Robert Katz, can be grouped into three categories: interpersonal, informational, and decisional.

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Essential Managerial Skills 

48.	According to Robert Katz, the relative importance of technical, human, and conceptual skills varies across the different levels of management.

Ans: True
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Difficult
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Essential Managerial Skills 

49.	According to Carroll, proficiency in database management is considered a technical skill in today’s workplace.

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Difficult
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Essential Managerial Skills 

50.	Emotional intelligence, the ability to understand and deal with emotions, falls into the category of conceptual skills according to Robert Katz. 

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Difficult
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Essential Managerial Skills 

51.	Emotional intelligence includes the human skills of self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skill.

Ans: True
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Human Skills

52.	Leaders succeed when people follow them not because they have to, but because they want to.

Ans: True
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Easy
Learning Objective 5: What are the challenges of leadership in organizations?
Reference: Effective Leaders

53.	According to Archie Carroll, the moral manager does not subscribe to ethical principles, but instead makes decisions and acts to take best personal advantage of a situation.

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Ethical Management 

54.	According to Archie Carroll, the manager who unintentionally acts unethically is considered amoral.

Ans: True
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Ethical Management 

55.	Ethics mindfulness is an “enriched awareness” that causes a manager to behave with an ethical consciousness from one decision or behavioral event to another.

Ans: True
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Ethical Management 

56.	Learning is an enduring change of behavior that unfortunately cannot come from experience.

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior? 
Reference: Learning about Organizational Behavior

57.	Transitional learning refers to the need to learn from day-to-day work experiences, conversations with colleagues and friends, counseling and advice from mentors, success models, training seminars and workshops, and other daily opportunities.

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior? 
Reference: Learning about Organizational Behavior

58.	The learning sequence begins with initial experience and subsequent reflection.

Ans: True
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior? 
Reference: Learning about Organizational Behavior

59.	Research finds that because of position all managers make good leaders.

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 5: What are the challenges of leadership in organizations?
Reference: Effective Leaders 

60.	Because of the experience and position, managers alone are able to solve all the complex problems and address all the challenging situations in organizations.

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 5: What are the challenges of leadership in organizations?
Reference: Effective Leaders 

61.	Influence leaders are individuals who use influence to create change that benefits the mission and vision of the organization. 

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 5:
Reference: Effective Leaders

62.	The organizing process involves individuals being influenced by others. 

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 5: What are the challenges of leadership in organizations?
Reference: Effective Leaders 

63.	Social exchange means tailoring communication in ways to encourage certain interpretations and discourage others.

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 5: What are the challenges of leadership in organizations?
Reference: Essential Leadership Skills  

64.	The law of exchange says that if someone does something for someone else it will invoke a sense of obligation to return the favor.

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 5: What are the challenges of leadership in organizations?
Reference: Essential Leadership Skills  

65.	Vertical communication means passing problems or responsibilities upward in the hierarchy.

Ans: False
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 5: What are the challenges of leadership in organizations?
Reference: Essential Followership Skills  

Multiple Choice

66.	__________ is a multidisciplinary field devoted to understanding individual and group behavior, interpersonal processes, and organizational dynamics.
a)	Organizational behavior
b)	Motivation
c)	Performance management
d)	Workgroup analysis
e)	Accounting

Ans: a
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Easy
Learning Objective 1: What is organizational behavior and why is it important? 
Reference: What is Organizational Behavior?

67.	The increase in teamwork today is a function of all of the following EXCEPT:
a)	management’s dislike for individual contributors.
b)	organizations can no longer rely on just managers for leadership.
c)	leadership is valued by all members.
d)	people are valuable human assets.
e)	work is increasingly focused on peer contributions.

Bloom’s: Knowledge
Ans: a
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 1: What is organizational behavior and why is it important? 
Reference: Importance of Organizational Behavior

68.	Which of the following reflects the expectations of the new generation of workers?
a)	Less tolerant of hierarchy
b)	Less high tech
c)	More concerned about status
d)	Less focus on work/life balance
e)	More focus on structure

Ans: a
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 1: What is organizational behavior and why is it important? 
Reference: Trends with Human Behavior in Organizations

69.	The following statements are accurate descriptions of the evolution of the scientific study of organizations EXCEPT:
a)	the early focus of the systematic study of management was on physical working conditions, principles of administration, and principles of industrial engineering.
b)	as management research progressed, emphasis was placed on the human factor with respect to individual attitudes, group dynamics, and relationships between managers and workers.
c)	organization behavior continues to evolve as a discipline devoted to understanding individuals and groups in organizations.
d)	organization behavior continues to evolve as a discipline devoted to understanding the performance implications of organizational processes, systems, and structures.
e)	the primary focus on the human factor began in the 18th century.

Ans: e
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior? 
Reference: Scientific Foundations of Organizational Behavior 

70.	From its scientific heritage, organizational behavior has developed all of the following EXCEPT:
a)	an emphasis on finding the “one way” to complete all tasks.
b)	an interdisciplinary body of knowledge.
c)	use of scientific methods.
d)	a focus on application.
e)	contingency thinking.

Ans: a
Bloom’s: Comprehension
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior? 
Reference: Scientific Foundations of Organizational Behavior

71.	Organizational behavior is an interdisciplinary body of knowledge with strong ties to all of the following disciplines EXCEPT:
a)	psychology.
b)	physics.
c)	sociology.
d)	anthropology.
e)	economics.

Ans: b
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior? 
Reference: Interdisciplinary Body of Knowledge

72.	Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about organizational behavior?
a)	Organizational behavior has strong ties to the behavioral sciences and allied social sciences.
b)	Organizational behavior seeks to integrate the diverse insights of the behavioral sciences and allied social sciences.
c)	Organizational behavior is divorced from the disciplines of political science and economics.
d)	Organizational behavior seeks to improve the quality of work life.
e)	Organizational behavior seeks to improve the performance of people, groups, and organizations.

Ans: c
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior? 
Reference: Interdisciplinary Body of Knowledge

73.	Organizational behavior goals include all of the following EXCEPT improving the:
a)	performance of people.
b)	performance of groups.
c)	performance of organizations.
d)	quality of overall work life.
e)	competitive landscape in the industry.

Ans: e
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior? 
Reference: Interdisciplinary Body of Knowledge

74.	Scientific method models link __________ with __________.
a)	independent variables; dependent variables
b)	specific variables; contingency variables
c)	proven variables; open variables
d)	discovered variables; unexplored variables
e)	highly publicized variables; undisclosed variables

Ans: a 
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Difficult
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior? 
Reference: Uses of Scientific Methods

75.	Scientific thinking is important to organizational behavior researchers and scholars for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
a)	the process of data collection is controlled.
b)	the process of data collection is systematic.
c)	proposed explanations are carefully tested.
d)	only explanations that can be scientifically verified are accepted.
e)	the process of data collection is discretionary.

Ans: e
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior? 
Reference: Uses of Scientific Methods

76.	All of the following are important research questions addressing applications within the field of organizational behavior EXCEPT: 
a)	What creates job satisfaction for people at work?
b)	How can ethical and socially responsible behavior in and by organizations be assured?
c)	Should decisions be made by individual, consultative, or group methods?
d)	What are the ingredients for marketing promotions within organizations?
e)	How can organizational cultures be changed?

Ans: d
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior? 
Reference: Focus on Application

77.	__________ are simplified views of reality that attempt to explain real-world phenomena.
a)	Models
b)	Incubators
c)	Theories
d)	Scientific methods
e)	Reproductions

Ans: a
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior? 
Reference: Uses of Scientific Methods

78.	As an OB researcher, Amy is using statistics to pool the results of different studies. Which research method is Amy using?
a)	Survey studies
b)	Case studies
c)	Meta-analysis
d)	Field studies
e)	Laboratory studies

Ans: c
Bloom’s: Application
Level: Difficult
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior? 
Reference: Women Might Make Better Leaders

79.	According to Eagley, which of the following is not considered a possible leadership strength of women?
a)	Good at mentoring
b)	More transformational
c)	Very inspiring
d)	Fairness in punishing
e)	Encourage creativity

Ans: d
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior? 
Reference: Possible Leadership Strengths of Women 

80.	Which of the following is an enduring change of behavior that results from experience?
a)	Learning
b)	Managerial sense-making
c)	Organizational tracking
d)	Lifelong careers
e)	Managerial scholarship

Ans: a
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior? 
Reference: Learning about Organizational Behavior

81.	Initial experience of the experiential learning cycle in an organizational behavior course, focuses on:
a)	personal experiences, the classroom as an organization, in-class exercises and simulations, group project assignments, and cases.
b)	personal thoughts, class discussions, informal discussions, readings, lectures, and written assignments.
c)	personal experiences, personal thoughts, personal theories, and trying new personal behaviors.
d)	theories in readings, theories from lectures, personal theories, and theories from other sources.
e)	trying new behaviors in work experiences, class experiences, and everyday experiences.

Ans: a
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Difficult
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior? 
Reference: Learning about Organizational Behavior

82.	Rather than assuming that there is one “best” or universal way to manage people in organizations, which approach do researchers use to try to identify how different situations can be best understood and handled?
a)	Scientific
b)	Industrial engineering
c)	Contingency
d)	Emotional intelligence
e)	Laboratory study

Ans: c
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior? 
Reference: Contingency Thinking

83.	As an OB researcher, Samantha focuses on looking in depth at single situations. Samantha is using which of these research methods?
a)	Survey studies
b)	Case studies
c)	Meta-analysis
d)	Field studies
e)	Laboratory studies

Ans: b
Bloom’s: Application
Level: Difficult
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior? 
Reference: Use of Scientific Methods

84.	The realities of the contemporary business world include all of the following trends EXCEPT:
a)	the demise of “command-and-control” organizational structures.
b)	the importance of human capital.
c)	a commitment to ethical behavior.
d)	an emphasis on individuals working independently of one another.
e)	a changing definition of jobs and career.

Ans: d
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 1: What is organizational behavior and why is it important? 
Reference: Trends with Human Behavior in Organizations 

85.	Apart from __________________, all of the following are trends in the contemporary business world.
a)	pervasive influence of information technology
b)	respect for new workforce expectations
c)	emphasis on teamwork
d)	increase in “command-and-control” leadership
e)	changing careers

Ans: d
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 1: What is organizational behavior and why is it important? 
Reference: Trends with Human Behavior in Organizations

86.	All of the following are characteristic of Generation F at work EXCEPT:
a)	no one kills an idea.
b)	credentials overrule contributions.
c)	people choose tasks that interest them.
d)	wisdom lies within the crowd.
e)	resources flow toward good ideas and projects.

Ans: b
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Difficult
Learning Objective 3: What is the context of organizational behavior? 
Reference: Things are Changing as Today’s Grads Go To Work 

87.	According to research data, women earn only __________ cents per dollar earned by men.
a) 50
b) 68
c) 75
d) 90
e) 95

Ans: c
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 3: What is the context of organizational behavior? 
Reference: Diversity and Multiculturalism in Organizations 

88.	A collection of people working together in a division of labor to achieve a common purpose refers to a(n):
a)	club.
b)	labor union.
c)	organization.
d)	mission.
e)	team.

Ans: c
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Easy
Learning Objective 3: What is the context of organizational behavior? 
Reference: Organizations as Work Settings

89.	All of the following are examples of organizations EXCEPT:
a)	small and large businesses.
b)	religious bodies.
c)	voluntary organization.
d)	a government representative.
e)	hospital.

Ans: d
Bloom’s: Comprehension
Level: Easy
Learning Objective 3: What is the context of organizational behavior? 
Reference: Organizations and the External Environment

90.	The match of organizational culture and individual characteristics is called a(n):
a)	fit.
b)	agreement.
c)	union.
d)	harmony.
e)	accord.

Ans: a
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 3: What is the context of organizational behavior? 
Reference: The Internal Environment of Organizations 

91.	Since organizations obtain resource inputs from the environment and transform them into outputs that are returned to the environment in the form of finished goods or services, they may be viewed as:
a)	stakeholders.
b)	suppliers.
c)	open systems.
d)	transformational paradigms.
e)	resource allocators.

Ans: c
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 3: What is the context of organizational behavior? 
Reference: Organizations and the External Environment  

92.	Among the following, who are considered to be stakeholders?
a)	Customers
b)	Owners
c)	Employees
d)	Local communities
e)	All of the above

Ans: e
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 3: What is the context of organizational behavior? 
Reference: Organizations and the External Environment 

93.	At ABC Services, Inc., all employees share a common set of beliefs and values that influence their behavior. This refers to organizational:
a)	mission.
b)	purpose.
c)	strategy.
d)	culture.
e)	stakeholders.

Ans: d
Bloom’s: Application
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 3: What is the context of organizational behavior? 
Reference: The Internal Environment of Organizations 

94.	The term multiculturalism, as used in OB, refers to:
a)	hiring people from different cultures to work in one company.
b)	pluralism and respect for diversity.
c)	developing employees to better understand people from non-United States cultures.
d)	a job rotation system whereby employees move from country to country.
e)	a job design system whereby managers are required to oversee people from different countries.

Ans: b
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 3: What is the context of organizational behavior? 
Reference: Diversity and Multiculturalism in Organizations

95.	Demographic trends driving workforce diversity in American society today include:
a)	fewer number of women in the labor force.
b)	fewer African-Americans in the labor force.
c)	fewer Hispanics in the labor force.
d)	an increasing percentage of people of color in the labor force.
e)	more white males in the labor force.

Ans: d
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Difficult
Learning Objective 3: What is the context of organizational behavior? 
Reference: Diversity and Multiculturalism in Organizations

96.	The degree to which the culture respects and values diversity and is open to anyone who can perform a job, regardless of their diversity attributes, is known as:
a)	stockholder diversity.
b)	inclusion.
c)	multiple culturalism.
d)	cultural sensitivity.
e)	constructive culture.

Ans: b
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 3: What is the context of organizational behavior? 
Reference: Diversity and Multiculturalism in Organizations

97.	Susan, working at Toddler Toys, helps others achieve high levels of both performance and satisfaction. Susan can be described as a(n):
a)	executive.
b)	effective manager.
c)	director.
d)	supervisor.
e)	team follower.

Ans: b
Bloom’s: Application
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Effective Managers 

98.	As a manager, Jermaine, defines goals, set performance objectives, and identify action steps for accomplishing them. Jermaine is engaged in which management function?
a)	Planning
b)	Organizing
c)	Leading
d)	Directing
e)	Controlling

Ans: a
Bloom’s: Application
Level: Difficult
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: The Management Process 

99.	Suppose that the company’s president decides to develop a policy to increase the company’s commitment to its employees and then develops a set of procedures to implement this policy. The president is engaged in which management function?
a)	Planning
b)	Organizing
c)	Leading
d)	Directing
e)	Controlling

Ans: a
Bloom’s: Application
Level: Difficult
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: The Management Process 

100.	Joanna, a manager at TravelWorld, has set up a committee to develop procedures for dealing with company‑wide training needs and assigned people to conduct specific training programs. Joanna is engaged in which management function?
a)	Planning
b)	Organizing
c)	Motivating
d)	Leading
e)	Controlling

Ans: b
Bloom’s: Application
Level: Difficult
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: The Management Process 

101.	Suppose a manager starts an affirmative action program to increase opportunities for minority advancement and then clearly and convincingly communicates the objectives of the program to all employees. By doing this the manager gains their support and participation. This manager is engaged in which management function?
a)	Planning
b)	Organizing
c)	Leading
d)	Motivating
e)	Controlling

Ans: c
Bloom’s: Comprehension 
Level: Difficult
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: The Management Process 

102.	Abbey is responsible for monitoring the progress of an affirmative action program to advance minorities within ABC Corporation. She reviews progress on changes in employee attitudes, calls special meetings to discuss problems, and makes appropriate adjustments in the program as needed. Abbey is engaged in which management function?
a)	Planning
b)	Organizing
c)	Leading
d)	Controlling
e)	Delegating

Ans: d
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Difficult 
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: The Management Process 

103.	Henry Mintzberg identified a set of roles that managers perform. These roles are grouped into which of the following three categories?
a)	Interpersonal, strategic, and decisional
b)	Strategic, informational, and political
c)	Interpersonal, informational, and decisional
d)	Supervisory, authoritarian, and decisional
e)	Supervisory, informational, and strategic

Ans: c
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium 
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: The Management Process 

104.	According to Henry Mintzberg, which of the following represent informational roles?
a)	Figurehead, leader, and spokesperson
b)	Monitor, disseminator, and spokesperson
c)	Negotiator, entrepreneur, and resource allocator
d)	Leader, disseminator, and entrepreneur
e)	Entrepreneur, disturbance handler, and resource allocator

Ans: b
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium 
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: The Management Process 

105.	Which of the following descriptions of Mintzberg’s managerial roles is correct?
a)	Interpersonal roles include the monitor, disseminator, and spokesperson.
b)	Informational roles include the figurehead, leader, and liaison.
c)	Decisional roles include the entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator.
d)	Decisional roles include the leader, disturbance handler and spokesperson.
e)	Informational roles include the figurehead, monitor, leader and spokesperson.

Ans: c
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium 
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: The Management Process 

106.	The essential skills of management, according to Robert Katz, can be grouped into which of the following three categories?
a)	Technical, interpersonal, and informational
b)	Technical, human, and conceptual
c)	Interpersonal, decisional, and informational
d)	Organizing, planning, and leading
e)	Leading, decisional, and human

Ans: b
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium 
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Essential Managerial Skills 

107.	According to Robert Katz, all of the following statements are correct EXCEPT the:
a)	technical skills are considered important for supervisors and team leaders who must deal with job-specific problems.
b)	conceptual skills are important for senior executives who deal with organizational purpose, mission and strategy issues.
c)	technical skills are equally important for both entry and senior level management positions.
d)	conceptual skills are important for senior executives who must deal with broad, ambiguous and long-term decisions.
e)	human skills are consistently important across all managerial levels.

Ans: c
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium 
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Essential Managerial Skills 

108.	Riya, a manager at Planet Save, is using spreadsheet software to prepare a departmental budget. Riya is using which managerial skill according to Katz?
a)	Supervisory
b)	Conceptual
c)	Creative
d)	Technical
e)	Human

Ans: d
Bloom’s: Application
Level: Medium 
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Essential Managerial Skills 

109.	In trying to work out an acceptable solution to a problem, managers who rely on their understanding of other people and who empathize with others’ feelings are using which managerial skill according to Katz?
a)	Supervisory
b)	Conceptual
c)	Creative
d)	Technical
e)	Human

Ans: e
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium 
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Essential Managerial Skills 

110.	Important dimensions of emotional intelligence include all of the following human skills EXCEPT:
a)	self-awareness.
b)	self-regulation.
c)	technical skill.
d)	empathy.
e)	social skill.

Ans: c
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium 
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Essential Managerial Skills 

111.	______ skill involves the capacity to analyze and solve complex and interrelated problems.
a)	Supervisory
b)	Conceptual
c)	Creative
d)	Technical
e)	Human

Ans: b
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium 
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Essential Managerial Skills 

112.	A manager who thinks critically and analytically when developing an organizational strategy for dealing with a highly competitive global environment is using which managerial skill?
a)	Supervisory
b)	Conceptual
c)	Creative
d)	Technical
e)	Human

Ans: b
Bloom’s: Comprehension
Level: Medium 
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Essential Managerial Skills 

113.	Which of these refers to a capacity to get things done due to relationships with other people?
a)	Social capital
b)	Value chain
c)	Task performance
d)	Workforce diversity
e)	Open systems

Ans: a
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium 
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Essential Managerial Skills 

114.	According to Archie Carroll, if a manager doesn’t subscribe to any ethical decision-making principles and acts in any situation to simply take personal advantage, he or she would be classified as a(n):
a)	moral manager.
b)	amoral manager.
c)	immoral manager.
d)	ombudsman manager.
e)	opportunistic manager.

Ans: c
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium 
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Ethical Management  

115.	The ethics center of gravity can be moved positively in a virtuous shift with:
a)	emotionally intelligent leadership.
b)	immoral leadership.
c)	amoral leadership.
d)	moral leadership.
e)	philanthropic leadership.

Ans: d
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium 
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Ethical Management  

116.	Majority of managers, according to Archie B. Carroll, are:
a)	immoral.
b)	amoral.
c)	moral.
d)	mindful.
e)	creative.

Ans: b
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Ethical Management 

117.	Individuals who use influence to create change that benefits the mission and vision of the organization are called ___________ leaders.
a)	mission
b)	effective
c)	change
d)	influential
e)	powerful

Ans: b
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 5: What are the challenges of leadership in organizations?
Reference: Effective Leaders 

118.	Types of change leaders influence in organizations include all of the following EXCEPT:
a)	Advancing new ideas.
b)	Forcing managers to change direction when they are going off course.
c)	Pointing out changes that need to be made to rules.
d)	Inspiring peers to support a manager’s initiative. 
e)	Pointing out changes that need to be made to policies. 

Ans: b
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 5: What are the challenges of leadership in organizations?
Reference: Effective Leaders 

119.	A leader’s positive influence emerges from persuasiveness, competence, and _______ skills.
a)	technical
b)	influential
c)	human
d)	conceptual 
e)	practical 
Ans: c
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 5: What are the challenges of leadership in organizations?
Reference: Effective Leaders 

120.	The _________ process involves individuals being influenced by others. 
a)	influencing
b)	managerial
c)	leadership
d)	delegation
e)	control
Ans: c
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 5: What are the challenges of leadership in organizations?
Reference: Effective Leaders 

121.	Jordan focuses on tailoring his communication in ways to encourage certain interpretations and discourage others. This is called:
a)	law of reciprocity.
b)	framing.
c)	delegating upward. 
d)	law of interpreting. 
e)	social exchange. 

Ans: b
Bloom’s: Application
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 5: What are the challenges of leadership in organizations?
Reference: Essential Followership Skills 

122.	The law of __________ says that if someone does something for someone else it will invoke a sense of obligation to return the favor.
a)	favors 
b)	obligations
c)	reciprocity
d)	exchange
e)	tradeoffs

Ans: c
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 5: What are the challenges of leadership in organizations?
Reference: Essential Leadership Skills  

123.	Building human relationships and trust through exchanges of favors based on reciprocity is called
a)	law of scientific management. 
b)	framing.
c)	inclusion.
d)	social exchange. 
e)	communication delegation. 

Ans: d
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 5: What are the challenges of leadership in organizations?
Reference: Essential Leadership Skills  

124.	Which type of delegation means passing problems or responsibilities upward in the hierarchy?
a)	Rising delegation.
b)	Upward delegation.
c)	Ascending delegation.
d)	Vertical delegation.
e)	Upright delegation. 

Ans: b
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 5: What are the challenges of leadership in organizations?
Reference: Essential Followership Skills  

Short answer

125.	What is the study of human behavior in organizations called?

Ans: Organization behavior
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Easy
Learning Objective 1: What is organizational behavior and why is it important? 
Reference: What is Organizational Behavior?

126.	As job satisfaction increases, absenteeism tends to do what?

Ans: Decrease
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior? 
Reference: Use of Scientific Methods

127.	When organizational behavior researchers collect data in real-life organizational settings, what research method is being used?

Ans: Field studies
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior? 
Reference: Use of Scientific Methods

128.	When organizational behavior researchers collect data in simulated and controlled settings, what research method is being used?

Ans: Laboratory studies
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior? 
Reference: Use of Scientific Methods

129.	Rather than assuming that there is one “best” or universal way to manage people in organizations, what approach do researchers use to try to identify how different situations can be best understood and handled?

Ans: Contingency thinking
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior? 
Reference: Contingency Thinking

130.	What is evidence-based management?

Ans: Evidence-based management uses hard facts and empirical evidence to make decisions.
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 2: How do we learn about organizational behavior? 
Reference: Quest for Evidence 

131.	Who are the people, groups, and institutions that are affected by and thus have an interest in an organization’s performance?

Ans: Stakeholders
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 3: What is the context of organizational behavior? 
Reference: Organizations and the External Environment 

132.	What is organizational culture? 

Ans: Shared beliefs and values that influence the behavior of organizational members
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 3: What is the context of organizational behavior? 
Reference: The Internal Environment of Organizations 

133.	What is workforce diversity?

Ans: The presence of differences based on gender, race and ethnicity, age, able-bodiedness, and sexual orientation in a business organization.
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 3: What is the context of organizational behavior? 
Reference: Diversity and Multiculturalism in Organizations 

134.	By the year 2060, which demographic group will comprise nearly 30% of the US population?

Ans: Hispanic
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Difficult
Learning Objective 3: What is the context of organizational behavior? 
Reference: Diversity and Multiculturalism in Organizations 

135.	What is a key element in any organization that embraces multiculturalism?

Ans: Inclusion 
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Difficult
Learning Objective 3: What is the context of organizational behavior? 
Reference: Diversity and Multiculturalism in Organizations

136.	What are the two key outcomes on which an effective manager will focus?

Ans: Task performance and job satisfaction
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Difficult
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Effective Managers 

137.	Who is a manager?

Ans: A person who supports the work efforts of other people
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Easy
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Effective Managers 

138.	What are the four basic functions of management?

Ans: Planning; organizing; leading; controlling
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Easy
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: The Management Process 

139.	Defining goals, setting performance objectives, and identifying action steps for accomplishing them describes which management function?

Ans: Planning
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Easy
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: The Management Process

140.	What is the process of creating work structures and systems, and arranging resources to accomplish goals and objectives?

Ans: Organizing
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Easy
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: The Management Process 

141.	Describe the managerial function of leading.

Ans: Instilling enthusiasm by communicating with others, motivating them to work hard, and maintaining good interpersonal skills is the managerial activity of leading.
Bloom’s: Comprehension 
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: The Management Process 

142.	Which managerial function concerns itself with ensuring that things go well by monitoring performance and taking corrective action as necessary?

Ans: Controlling
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Easy
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: The Management Process

143.	According to Henry Mintzberg, what are the managerial roles that involve working directly with other people?

Ans: Interpersonal roles
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: The Management Process 

144.	According to Henry Mintzberg, what are the managerial roles that involve the exchange of information with other people?

Ans: Informational roles
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Easy
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: The Management Process 

145.	According to Robert Katz, what are the three categories of managerial skills?

Ans: Technical; human; conceptual
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Essential Managerial Skills 

146.	According to Robert Katz, what is an ability to perform specialized tasks?

Ans: A technical skill
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Essential Managerial Skills

147.	According to Katz, in trying to work out an acceptable solution to a problem, managers who rely on their understanding of other people and who empathize with others’ feelings are using which managerial skill?

Ans: Human
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Easy
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Essential Managerial Skills 

148.	According to Daniel Goleman, what is the ability to understand and deal with emotions?

Ans: Emotional intelligence
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Easy
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Human Skills 

149.	A management team that thinks critically and analytically when developing an organizational strategy for dealing with a highly competitive global environment is using which managerial skill?

Ans: Conceptual
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations?  
Reference: Conceptual Skills 

150.	What is the ability to understand the emotions of others called?

Ans: Empathy
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Human Skills

151.	What is it called when problems or responsibilities are passed upward in the organizational hierarchy?

Ans: Upward Delegation
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 5: What are the challenges of leadership in organizations?
Reference: Essential Followership Skills 

152.	What is it called when someone does something for someone else and it invokes the sense of obligation to return the favor?

Ans: The Law of Reciprocity 
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 5: What are the challenges of leadership in organizations?
Reference: Essential Leadership Skills  

153.	What is essential to the process of leadership?

Ans: Following
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 5: What are the challenges of leadership in organizations?
Reference: Effective Leaders 

154.	What is it called when one must tailor communication in ways to encourage certain interpretations and discourage others?

Ans: Framing
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 5: What are the challenges of leadership in organizations?
Reference: Essential Followership Skills 

155.	What is it called when you build human relationships and trust through exchanges of favors based on reciprocity?

Ans: Social Exchange
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 5: What are the challenges of leadership in organizations?
Reference: Essential Leadership Skills  

Essay

156.	Why is learning about organizational behavior important? 

Suggested Answer: Learning about organizational behavior is important because it directly benefits you. It helps you to understand how to work more effectively and be more influential in work situations. Today’s knowledge-based world places a great premium on learning. Only the learners, so to speak, will be able to keep the pace and succeed in a high-tech, global, and constantly changing environment.
Bloom’s: Analysis 
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 1: What is organizational behavior and why is it important? 
Reference: Importance of Organizational Behavior 

157.	Identify the trends that are affecting organizational behavior and explain why these trends are occurring.

Suggested Answer: Following trends are currently affecting organizational behavior. These trends and the reasons why they are occurring are described as follows:
(a) commitment to ethical behavior  there is a growing intolerance of breaches of public faith by organizations and those who run them, and a growing concern for ethical behavior in the workplace; (b) broader views of leadership  new pressures and demands mean organizations can no longer rely on just managers for leadership; (c) emphasis on human capital and teamwork success is earned through knowledge, experience, and commitments to people as valuable human assets; (d) demise of “command-and-control” –– traditional hierarchical structures, which are proving incapable of handling new environmental pressures and demands, are being replaced by flexible structures and participatory work settings; (e) importance of connections and networks—work is increasingly being done through personal connections and networks; in this environment, building effective relationships face-to-face and online is a must-have career skill (f) influence of information technologies –– as computers increasingly penetrate all aspects of the workplace, implications for workflows, work processes, and organizational systems are far reaching; (g) respect for new workforce expectations –– the new generation of workers is less tolerant of hierarchy, more informal, and less concerned about status; organizations are paying more attention to how members balance the demands and priorities of work and personal affairs; and (h) changing concept of careers  more employers are using offshoring and outsourcing of jobs and more individuals are working as independent contractors rather than as traditional full-time employees (i) concern for sustainability – managers and organization members are thinking more about decision making and goal setting in organizations paying attention to the environment, climate justice and preservation of resources.

Bloom’s: Comprehension 
Level: Difficult
Learning Objective 1: What is organizational behavior and why is it important? 
Reference: Trends with Behavior in Organizations

158.	Define the term workforce diversity. Why is workforce diversity an important issue for contemporary organizations?

Suggested Answer: Workforce diversity is the presence of differences in a firm’s employees based on gender, race and ethnicity, age, able-bodiedness, and sexual orientation. Workforce diversity is an important issue for contemporary organizations because success in the workplace increasingly requires a set of skills for working successfully with a broad mix of people from different racial and ethnic backgrounds, of different ages and genders, and of different domestic and national cultures.
Bloom’s: Comprehension 
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 3: What is the context of organizational behavior? 
Reference: Diversity and Multiculturalism in Organizations 

159.	Briefly describe each of the four functions of management. Describe Mintzberg’s managerial roles and explain how they are helpful in performing the four functions of management.

Suggested Answer: The four functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Planning is the process of setting objectives and determining what actions should be taken to accomplish them. Organizing is the process of assigning tasks, allocating resources, and arranging and coordinating the activities of individuals and groups to implement plans. Leading is the process of arousing people’s enthusiasm to work hard and directing their efforts to fulfill plans and accomplish objectives. Controlling is the process of measuring work performance, comparing results to objectives, and taking corrective action as needed. Mintzberg’s managerial roles include the following:
(a) interpersonal roles (figurehead, leader, and liaison) involve interactions with people inside and outside the work unit; (b) informational roles (monitor, disseminator, and spokesperson) involve giving, receiving, and analyzing information; and (c) decisional roles (entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator) involve using information to make decisions, solve problems, or address opportunities. While all ten managerial roles might be used at one time or another in performing each of the four functions of management, many of them are more likely to be used in carrying out certain managerial functions. The entrepreneurial role, for instance, is closely linked to the managerial function of planning. In this role, direction is being set for the organization. The liaison, disseminator, and resource allocator roles are closely associated with organizing. The figurehead, leader, and spokesperson roles are closely aligned with leading. The monitor role is related primarily to controlling.
Bloom’s: Synthesis
Level: Difficult
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: The Management Process 

160.	Human skills such as emotional intelligence are indispensable in the new age of organizations. Identify and define five important dimensions of emotional intelligence that can and should be developed by any manager today.

Suggested Answer: Self-awareness is the ability to understand one’s own moods and emotions. 
Self-regulation is the ability to think before acting and control bad impulses.
Motivation is the ability to work hard and persevere.
Empathy is the ability to understand the emotions of others.
Social skill is the ability to gain rapport with others and build good relationships.
Bloom’s: Comprehension 
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Human Skills 

161.	When it comes to ethics and morality, Archie Carroll draws a distinction between managers. Identify and briefly explain the three managerial categories defined by Carroll.

Suggested Answer: The immoral manager does not subscribe to any ethical principles, but instead makes decisions and acts to stake best personal advantage of a situation.
The amoral manager, by contracts, fails to consider the ethics of a decision or behavior. This manager acts unethically at time, but unintentionally. 
The moral manager is one who incorporates ethics principles and goals into his or her personal behavior. For this manager, ethical behavior is a goal, a standard, and even a matter of routine.
Blooms: Comprehension 
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 4: What are the challenges of management in organizations? 
Reference: Ethical Management 

162.	List and explain three essential leadership skills of effective leaders.

Suggested Answer: Effective leaders must be able to frame communication in ways that others will listen. They must recognize that relationships are developed through social exchange and must manage exchange processes to build partnerships and networks. They must be able to help others out when needed because they understand the law of reciprocity and that by helping out others they will feel obligated to return the favor. 
Bloom’s: Analysis 
Level: Medium
Learning Objective 5: What are the challenges of leadership in organizations? 
Reference: Essential Leadership Skills