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Chapter: Chapter 01: What is Industrial and Organizational Psychology?

Multiple Choice

1.  According to the textbook, when people were asked the question: “If you were to get enough money to live as comfortably as you would like for the rest of your life, would you continue to work or would you stop working?” a majority people reported that
A)  they would stop working.
B)  they would continue working.
C)  they would find a new and more exciting job.
D)  they would take a lot of time off, but eventually return to work.

Ans:  B
Section Ref:  Module 1.1

2.  Industrial-organizational psychologists are interested in all of the following except
A)  how people's work affects their home life.
B)  how culture influences people's perceptions of their working environments.
C)  how personality characteristics influence work behavior.
D)  how to best diagnose clinical disorders and offer therapy to employees.

Ans:  D
Section Ref:  Module 1.1

3.  Dr. Duran was asked by company X to develop a selection system for hiring new employees and to revise the existing performance appraisal system. Dr. Duran was most likely asked to do this because of her experience in
A)  human factors psychology.
B)  personnel psychology.
C)  clinical psychology.
D)  organizational psychology.

Ans:  B
Section Ref:  Module 1.1

4.  An organizational psychologist would be most likely concerned with
A)  helping people organize their schedules and daily planners.
B)  studying the interaction between humans and technology.
C)  understanding the emotional and motivational side of work.
D)  interviewing potential employees.

Ans:  C
Section Ref:  Module 1.1

5.  Which of the following psychologists is most likely concerned with how humans interact with technology?
A)  a personnel psychologist
B)  a clinical psychologist
C)  an organizational psychologist
D)  a human factors psychologist

Ans:  D
Section Ref:  Module 1.1

6.  Company Y has just designed a new checkout counter for a chain of supermarkets. This new checkout counter will allow the employees to scan and bag groceries more efficiently. Development of the new checkout counter was most likely done by a(n)
A)  personnel psychologist.
B)  organizational psychologist.
C)  human resources director.
D)  human factors psychologist.

Ans:  D
Section Ref:  Module 1.1

7.  SIOP is Division 14 of the
A)  American Psychological Association.
B)  American Psychological Society.
C)  Industrial-Organizational Psychologist.
D)  Western Psychological Association.

Ans:  A
Section Ref:  Module 1.1

8.  The division of the American Psychological Association that represents Industrial-Organizational psychology is
A)  Division 14.
B)  Division 3.
C)  Division 10.
D)  Division 17.

Ans:  A
Section Ref:  Module 1.1

9.  The SIOP website is a good place for aspiring I-O psychologists to examine. All of the following are offered by the website except
A)  JobNet — matching employers with applicants.
B)  a list of SIOP publications.
C)  online I-O psychology courses.
D)  TIP — the SIOP quarterly newsletter.

Ans:  C
Section Ref:  Module 1.1

10.  James McKeen Cattell had a major influence on the emergence of I-O psychology.  He was among the first to realize the importance of studying:
A)  American organizations as representative of Japanese organizations.
B)  differences among individuals as a way of predicting their behavior.
C)  how organizations treat their employees as related to employee performance.
D)  individual beliefs in understanding the work-family relationship.

Ans:  B
Section Ref:  Module 1.1

11.  The purpose of the time and motion studies was to
A)  increase efficiency.
B)  increase productivity.
C)  neither a nor b
D)  both a and b

Ans:  D
Section Ref:  Module 1.1

12.  The main distinction between the Army Alpha and the Army Beta is
A)  the Army Alpha was administered to illiterate recruits, while the Army Beta was administered to literate recruits.
B)  the Army Alpha was administered to literate recruits, while the Army Beta was administered to illiterate recruits.
C)  the Army Alpha was designed to measure how people responded to stress, while the Army Beta measured people's reaction times.
D)  the Army Alpha was designed to measure people's reaction times, while the Army Beta measured people's reactions to stress.

Ans:  B
Section Ref:  Module 1.1

13.  A major distinction between the Stanford-Binet and the Army Alpha test is
A)  the Stanford-Binet was administered to one individual at a time, whereas the Army Alpha could be administered to large groups.
B)  the Stanford-Binet could be administered to large groups of people whereas the Army Alpha could only be administered to one individual at a time.
C)  the Stanford-Binet was developed for assessing individuals' emotional reactions to stress whereas the Army Alpha tested intelligence.
D)  the Stanford-Binet was developed for testing dexterity whereas the Army Alpha was developed for assessing individuals' emotional reactions to stress.

Ans:  A
Section Ref:  Module 1.1

14.  Jack works 12 hour shifts on an assembly line at an automotive plant. He finds his job boring, monotonous, and physically difficult. He is extremely unhappy and resists any attempts his bosses make to increase the productivity of the assembly line. Jack's mental state could be best characterized as
A)  the Hawthorne effect.
B)  revery obsession.
C)  the Cattell effect.
D)  systematic desensitization.

Ans:  B
Section Ref:  Module 1.1

15.  The Hawthorne Studies led to the dramatic discovery that
A)  boring work is directly related to a worker's level of interest.
B)  a worker's family situation impacts their level of production.
C)  higher productivity can only be achieved by varying worker conditions.
D)  workers' attitudes play a role in productivity.

Ans:  D
Section Ref:  Module 1.1

16.  The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination against all of the following except
A)  race.
B)  disability.
C)  religion.
D)  gender.

Ans:  B
Section Ref:  Module 1.1

17.  Title VII of The Civil Rights Act of 1964 deals with
A)  employment discrimination.
B)  voting rights.
C)  education.
D)  housing.

Ans:  A
Section Ref:  Module 1.1

18.  Which section of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 deals with employment discrimination?
A)  Title VI
B)  Title VII
C)  Title IX
D)  Title X

Ans:  B
Section Ref:  Module 1.1

19.  Frederick W. Taylor's book on Scientific Management offered
A)  the one best and most efficient way to perform various jobs.
B)  assessment centers to recruit and train spies for the U.S. government.
C)  a standardization of airplane cockpits.
D)  a systematic approach to understanding differences among subjects' responses to external stimuli.

Ans:  A
Section Ref:  Module 1.1

20.  The Time and Motion studies involved all the following except
A)  developing more efficient movements that would reduce fatigue and increase productivity.
B)  timing movements with a stopwatch.
C)  breaking down every action into its constituent parts.
D)  investigating employee attitudes about the length of the work week.

Ans:  D
Section Ref:  Module 1.1

21.  “Protected groups,” as stated in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, include
A)  race, sexual orientation, color, political ideology.
B)  race , age, color, sex, national origin.
C)  race, color, religion, sex, national origin.
D)  race, color, disability status, sex, religion.

Ans:  C
Section Ref:  Module 1.1

22.  David is a Fine Arts major who will be graduating in a year. He recently became interested in pursuing a graduate degree in I-O psychology. David should do all of the following to improve his credentials for admittance to a graduate program except
A)  assume that his credentials are fine since his GRE scores are excellent.
B)  become a research assistant to a professor.
C)  obtain an internship with a local business in the HR department.
D)  enroll in as many I-O psychology classes as he can.

Ans:  A
Section Ref:  Module 1.2

23.  A system of beliefs in which individuals share meaning and common ways of viewing objects is known as
A)  nationality.
B)  culture.
C)  multiculturalism.
D)  individualism.

Ans:  B
Section Ref:  Module 1.2

24.  The implications of a “global economy” are important to the field I-O psychology because
A)  systems within a company that train, motivate, and reward employees need to be compatible     with many different cultures.
B)  the global economy is allowing countries to exist without economic connections to other     countries.
C)  the North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA) has put major restrictions on the movement of goods between countries.
D)  the development of the European Union has made relocation more difficult for people trying     to cross the borders of the former Soviet Union.

Ans:  A
Section Ref:  Module 1.3

25.  American managers and professionals assigned to work in locations outside of the United States are referred to as
A)  expatriates.
B)  legal aliens.
C)  Immigrants.
D)  satellite Americans.

Ans:  A
Section Ref:  Module 1.3

26.  John works for a major investment firm located in the United States. He has recently been reassigned to the firm's office in Eastern Asia. John will most likely be successful in his new environment if he
A)  tries to adapt to East Asian culture.
B)  maintains a “West vs. the Rest” mentality.
C)  has a low tolerance for novel experiences.
D)  maintains his American identity in all situations.

Ans:  A
Section Ref:  Module 1.3

27.  Dr. Duran, an I-O psychologist, has developed a successful theory that directly relates to an American company based out of Nebraska. Yet when she tries to apply the same theory to a Russian company, she is unsuccessful. What might this situation most likely be attributed to?
A)  “West versus the Rest” mentality
B)  self-absorption syndrome
C)  Russian culture is inherently dissimilar from American culture.
D)  The original theory was not sound.

Ans:  A
Section Ref:  Module 1.3

28.  A culture that values the group more than the individual is known as
A)  collectivist.
B)  individualist.
C)  horizontal.
D)  vertical.

Ans:  A
Section Ref:  Module 1.3

29.  John prefers to work alone and to make his own decisions at work, while Jennifer prefers to consult her work group prior to making any decisions. Jennifer would likely fit best in which type of culture?
A)  individualist
B)  collectivist
C)  socialist
D)  egocentric

Ans:  B
Section Ref:  Module 1.3

30.  Which of the following of Hofstede's dimensions did Triandis suggest would likely interact with the horizontal/vertical cultural dimension?
A)  long-term versus short-term orientation
B)  masculinity/femininity
C)  individual/collectivism
D)  uncertainty avoidance

Ans:  C
Section Ref:  Module 1.3

31.  _____ cultures values the group more than the individual.
A)  Individualist
B)  Collectivist
C)  Masculine
D)  Feminine

Ans:  B
Section Ref:  Module 1.3

32.  One reason that placing cultures on a collectivist–individualist continuum would be useful for managers is that it would
A)  enable them to provide effective rewards to people of various cultures.
B)  fix the problems that are associated with revery obsession.
C)  provide a method for testing large groups of people at one time.
D)  provide a method for testing individuals one at a time.

Ans:  A
Section Ref:  Module 1.3

33.  All of the following are dimensions included in Hofstede's theory of culture except
A)  individualism/collectivism.
B)  uncertainty avoidance.
C)  long-term versus short-term orientation.
D)  inferior versus superior.

Ans:  D
Section Ref:  Module 1.3

34.  Cultures in which people, relationships, and the environment are most important can be best characterized as
A)  horizontal cultures.
B)  vertical cultures.
C)  masculine cultures.
D)  feminine cultures.

Ans:  D
Section Ref:  Module 1.3

35.  As an organizational psychologist, Dr. Hendry also includes the human engineering and personnel perspectives in his analyses. What type of approach does she adhere to?
A)  triangulation approach
B)  triad approach
C)  advanced approach
D)  unified approach

Ans:  D
Section Ref:  Module 1.4