Chapter 3 Social Problems Related to Sexual Behavior

MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.	Today, the professor will be lecturing about those activities associated with arousal, intercourse, and reproduction. The topic of the lecture is:
a.	Sex 
b.	Symbiosis
c.	Pornography
d.	Prostitution
Answer:	a 
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 53

2.	Which of the following statements regarding sex is false?
a.	All societies channel or control sexual behavior.
b.	We learn our first ideas about sexual morality from our family.
c.	Most people don’t take lightly challenges to their belief about what is right and wrong about sexual behavior.
d.	Sex is a personal matter.
Answer:	d
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 54

3.	When early inhabitants viewed prostitution as a service to their gods, this is:
a.	Sacrifice to the gods
b.	Sacred prostitution
c.	Temple prostitution
d.	Village prostitution
Answer:	c
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 54

4.	Cara makes money by renting out her body for sexual purposes. Cara is involved in:
a.	Sadism
b.	Pedophilia
c.	Prostitution
d.	Masochism
Answer:	c
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 54

5.	Which University of Chicago sociologist was accused of wanting to legitimize gay sex?
a.	James Goodman
b.	Melanie Laughenberg
c.	Rita Jones
d.	Edward Laumann
Answer:	d
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 55

6.	Which age group is most likely to favor the legalization of prostitution?
a.	18-25
b.	26-49
c.	50-64 
d.	75 and above
Answer:	c
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 55

7.	Which income level is least likely to favor the legalization of prostitution?
a.	Under $20,000
b.	$20,000 to $29,000
c.	$30,000 to $49,000
d.	$50,000 and over
Answer:	a
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 56

8.	In the U.S., prostitution:
a.	Is illegal in every state
b.	Is illegal in all states except Nevada
c.	Is illegal in every state except Hawaii
d.	Is illegal in every state except California
Answer:	b
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 57

9.	How many customers per year does the average prostitute have?
a.	302
b.	561
c.	694
d.	826
Answer:	c
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 57

10.	Jerome is visiting Brazil for 3 weeks.  Before he leaves the U.S., his father instructs him to avoid renting out a woman’s body for sexual purposes while he is out of the country. Jerome’s father instructed him to avoid:
a.	Corporate Prostitution
b.	Temple Prostitution
c.	Sex Tourism
d.	All of the Above
Answer:	c
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 57
	
11.	Tai Min is a 14 year old girl who was encouraged by government officials to rent out her body for sexual purposes to help her country’s economy. Tai Min is being asked to engage in:
a.	Patriotic Prostitution 
b.	Corporate Prostitution
c.	House Prostitution
d.	Convention Prostitution
Answer:	a
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 58

12.	Patriotic prostitution is encouraged in:
a.	South Korea
b.	Thailand
c.	Japan
d.	All of the Above
Answer:	d
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 58

13.	When asked by the prostitute which services he is interested in, John tells her that he can only achieve sexual gratification by inflicting pain on others. John is a:
a.	Masochist
b.	Functionalist
c.	Symbiosis
d.	Sadist
Answer:	d
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 59

14.	When asked by the prostitute which services he is interested in, Olaf tells her that he can only achieve sexual gratification by having others inflict pain on him. Olaf is a:
a.	Masochist
b.	Functionalist
c.	Symbiosis
d.	Sadist
Answer:	a
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 59

15.	The most requested sexual act for prostitutes is:
a.	Role Playing
b.	Sadism
c.	Masochism
d.	Oral Sex
Answer:	d
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 59

16.	In California prisons, condoms are banned. In spite of this, some inmates are able to illegally obtain condoms. The underground channeling of condoms to inmates is an example of ___________.
a.	Symbiosis
b.	A Correlation
c.	A Black Market
d.	A Trigger
Answer:	c
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 59

17.	Amy is a prostitute. She believes that her relationships with her clients are mutually beneficial. As such, these relationships  are built on:
a.	Correlation
b.	Symbiosis
c.	Black Market
d.	Trigger
Answer:	b
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 59

18.	Liz believes that prostitution is just one of the many ways that men exploit and degrade women. Liz’s views are in line with:
a.	Functionalists
b.	Feminists
c.	Symbolic Interactionists
d.	All of the Above
Answer:	b
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 60

19.	Susan is an elite prostitute. She often flies to a different city to meet with her clients.  She is a:
a.	Call Girl
b.	Hotel Prostitute
c.	House Prostitute
d.	Bar Girl
Answer:	a
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 60

20.	Rochelle is a prostitute. She can be found hailing passing cars to meet her clients.  She is a:
a.	Convention Prostitute
b.	Apartment Prostitute
c.	Bar Girl
d.	Streetwalker
Answer:	d
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 61

21.	What is the primary reason that young girls (ages 10 to 15) become prostitutes?
a.	Money
b.	To receive drugs
c.	They had “fallen in love with a pimp”
d.	To seek revenge on their family
Answer:	c
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 63

22.	Laurie started having sex when she was 11 years old. Now that she is 16, she is beginning to spend more and more time with boys who have drugs. She gets high with them and they provide her with drugs. Laurie’s choices are channeling her towards prostitution. Laurie is in the:
a.	Black Market Stage
b.	Drift Stage
c.	Professionalization Stage 
d.	Transitional Deviance Stage
Answer:	b
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 64

23.	Sally feels both attracted to and repulsed by prostitution. She is experiencing:
a.	Normalization
b.	Correlation
c.	Role Ambivalence
d.	Safety Valves
Answer:	c
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 64

24.	Amelia is a prostitute. She tells herself that what she is doing is normal. This reflects which stage:
a.	Black Market Stage
b.	Drift Stage
c.	Professionalization Stage 
d.	Transitional Deviance Stage
Answer:	d
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 64

25.	Ophelia is a prostitute and she identifies herself as such. Ophelia is in the:
a.	Black Market Stage
b.	Drift Stage
c.	Professionalization Stage 
d.	Transitional Deviance Stage
Answer:	c
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 64

26.	Wesley was suspended from school for having a picture of a naked woman in his locker. The principal of the school noted that the picture was filthy and immoral. By the principal’s standard, the picture represented:
a.	Symbiosis
b.	Pornography
c.	Paraphilia
d.	Correlation
Answer:	b
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 66

27.	The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that it is legal to possess computer-generated images of children in sex acts in the case of:
a.	Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition
b.	California v. Miller
c.	Roth v. United States
d.	Renton v. Playtime Theatres
Answer:	a
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 68

28.	The National Commission on Obscenity and Pornography concluded that pornography:
a.	Stimulates the old more than the young
b.	Stimulates the college-educated more than the less educated
c.	Stimulates the religiously active more than the religiously inactive
d.	All of the Above
Answer:	b
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 71

29.	To study the impact of pornography, President Ronald Reagan appointed:
a.	The National Commission on Obscenity and Pornography
b.	Lollitots and Moppets
c.	The Meese Commission
d.	The Free Speech Coalition
Answer:	c
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 71

30.	The Meese Commission concluded that pornography poses a serious threat to:
a.	Men
b.	Children
c.	Women
d.	All of the Above
Answer:	c
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 71

31.	Although many children who were sexually abused become prostitutes, not all sexually abused children enter this profession. As such, the relationship between sexual abuse and prostitution involves:
a.	Segregation
b.	Correlation
c.	Normalizing
d.	Professionalization
Answer:	b
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 71

32.	Since the 1990s, the rape rate in the U.S. has:
a.	Increased
b.	Decreased
c.	Remained the Same
d.	None of the Above
Answer:	b
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 72

33.	In Denmark and Japan, what happened when they made the sale of hard-core pornography legal?
a.	Sexual abuse in families increased.
b.	Sex crimes against children dropped.
c.	The incidence of rape increased dramatically.
d.	They saw decreases in use of prostitutes.
Answer:	b
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 72

34.	 Vivian views pornography as a sin and immoral.  She represents what point of view:
a.	Conflict Perspective
b.	Feminist
c.	Religious Conservative
d.	Liberal
Answer:	c
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 74

35.	 Which of the following will continue to drive changes in pornography?
a.	Technology and profits
b.	Morality and availability of pornography
c.	Media and the customer
d.	Cable television and art
Answer:	a
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 76

FILL IN THE BLANK
36.	____________________ is defined as those activities associated with arousal, intercourse, and reproduction.
a.	Sex 
b.	Symbiosis
c.	Pornography
d.	Deviance
Answer:	a 
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 53

37.	The renting of one’s body for sexual purposes is called ___________________________.
a.	Prostitution
b.	Sadism
c.	Pedophilia
d.	Masochism
Answer:	a
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 53

38.	As a type of service to the gods, __________________ required every woman to perform an act of prostitution before she was allowed to marry.
a.	The Black Market
b.	Temple Prostitution
c.	Masochism
d.	Sadism
Answer:	b
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 54

39.	In ancient Greece, high-class prostitutes were called ________________.
a.	Temple Prostitutes
b.	Sadists
c.	Masochists
d.	Hetairae
Answer:	d
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 54

40.	Prostitution is illegal in the U.S. except in ________________.
a.	Florida
b.	New York
c.	California
d.	Nevada
Answer:	d
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 57

41.	With____________________, a client arranges a date and privately negotiates the inclusion of sexual services for a set fee.
a.	Massage Parlors
b.	Corporate Prostitution
c.	Escort Services
d.	Temple Prostitution
Answer:	c
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 57

42.	With____________________, businesses hire prostitutes for their best-paying clients as a perk.
a.	Massage Parlors
b.	Corporate Prostitution
c.	Escort Services
d.	Temple Prostitution
Answer:	b
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 57

43.	______________ occurs when an individual engages in prostitution while visiting a foreign country.
a.	Sex Tourism
b.	Corporate Prostitution
c.	Temple Prostitution
d.	All the Above
Answer:	a
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 57

44.	_________________ concluded that prostitutes provide a sexual outlet for men.
a.	Edward Laumann
b.	Kingsley Davis
c.	David Meese
d.	Gloria Rivers
Answer:	b
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 58

45.	________________ are young women who are encouraged by their government to prostitute themselves to help the country’s economy.
a.	Convention Prostitutes
b.	Apartment Prostitutes
c.	Hotel Prostitutes 
d.	Patriotic Prostitutes
Answer:	d
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 58

46.	_________________ achieve sexual gratification by inflicting pain on others.
a.	Masochists
b.	Functionalists
c.	Symbiosis
d.	Sadists
Answer:	d
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 59

47.	_________________ achieve sexual gratification by having others inflict pain on them.
a.	Masochists
b.	Functionalists
c.	Symbiosis
d.	Sadists
Answer:	a
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 59

48.	The underground channeling of illegitimate services to clients is called a ___________.
a.	Safety Valve
b.	Correlation
c.	Black Market
d.	Trigger
Answer:	c
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 59

49.	A mutually beneficial relationship is built on ______________________.
a.	Sadism
b.	Correlation
c.	Masochism
d.	Symbiosis
Answer:	d
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 59

50.	_______________ point out that prostitution is just one of the many ways that men exploit and degrade women.
a.	Functionalists
b.	Feminists
c.	Symbolic Interactionists
d.	All of the Above
Answer:	b
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 60

51.	The most elite prostitutes are called __________________________.
a.	Convention Prostitutes
b.	Apartment Prostitutes
c.	Call Girls
d.	House Prostitutes
Answer:	c
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 60

52.	________________________ specialize in attending conferences.
a.	Convention Prostitutes
b.	Stag Party Workers
c.	Call Girls
d.	House Prostitutes
Answer:	a
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 60

53.	____________________ rent dwellings outside of their own home and set up a “business” while their husbands are away at work.
a.	Convention Prostitutes
b.	Apartment Prostitutes
c.	Call Girls
d.	House Prostitutes
Answer:	b
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 60

54.	__________ share their fees with the bell captain, desk clerk, or bellboys who steer johns to them.
a.	Convention Prostitutes
b.	Apartment Prostitutes
c.	Hotel Prostitutes 
d.	Patriotic Prostitutes
Answer:	c
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 60

55.	___________________ work in a whorehouse.
a.	Parking Lot Lizards
b.	Apartment Prostitutes
c.	Hotel Prostitutes 
d.	House Prostitutes
Answer: d
Diff:  1 Page Ref: 60

56.	________________ wait in pubs for customers.
a.	Bar Girls
b.	Streetwalkers
c.	Patriotic Prostitutes 
d.	Parking Lot Lizards
Answer:	a
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 60

57.	____________________ are the most frequently arrested prostitutes.
a.	Bar Girls
b.	Streetwalkers
c.	Parking Lot Lizards
d.	Stag Party Workers
Answer:	b
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 60

58.	____________________ frequent truck stops, moving from one truck to another in search of clients.
a.	Bar Girls
b.	Street Walkers
c.	Parking Lot Lizards
d.	Stag Party Workers
Answer:	c
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 60

59.	The simplest reason women become prostitutes is for ____________.
a.	Money
b.	Sex
c.	Love
d.	To hurt their family
Answer:	a
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 62

60.	There is a _______ stage process involved in becoming a prostitute.
a.	5
b.	4
c.	3
d.	2
Answer:	c
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 64

61.	The first stage involved in becoming a prostitute is called ______________________.
a.	Symbiosis
b.	Drift
c.	Transitional Deviance
d.	Professionalization
Answer:	b
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 64

62.	The second stage involved in becoming a prostitute is called ______________________.
a.	Symbiosis
b.	Drift
c.	Transitional Deviance
d.	Professionalization
Answer:	c
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 64

63.	When a person has conflicting emotions regarding the decision to become a prostitute, this is called __________________.
a.	Role Ambivalence
b.	Drift
c.	Symbiosis
d.	Professionalization
Answer:	a
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 64

64.	The third stage involved in becoming a prostitute is called ______________________.
a.	Symbiosis
b.	Drift
c.	Transitional Deviance
d.	Professionalization
Answer:	d
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 64

65.	The public settings in which male prostitutes gather in search of customers are called _______________________.
a.	Red Light Districts
b.	Patriotic Spots
c.	Meat Racks
d.	Gigolo Joints
Answer:	c
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 65

66.	______________________ refers to writings, pictures, or objects of a sexual nature that people object to as being filthy or immoral.
a.	Symbyosis
b.	Pornography
c.	Paraphilia
d.	Correlation
Answer:	b
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 66

67.	The religious Indian book that dates from the 8th century and  is explicit in sexual representation is called ____________________.
a.	The Kama Sutra
b.	Hetairae
c.	The Red Light District
d.	Patriotic Prostitution
Answer:	a
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 67

68.	Computer-generated images of children in sex acts are called _______________________. 
a.	Virtual Child Pornography
b.	Black Market
c.	Masochistic
d.	Paraphilia 
Answer:	a
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 69

69.	__________________ involves two or more things occurring together.
a.	Transitional Deviance
b.	Normalizing
c.	Scientific Proof
d.	Correlation
Answer:	d
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 71

70.	In the 1960s President Johnson appointed ________________________.
a.	The Sex Offenders Task Force
b.	The Meese Commission
c.	The National Commission on Obscenity and Pornography
d.	The Black Market Ring
Answer:	c
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 71

71.	The Meese Commission confused correlation with __________________.
a.	Competition
b.	Causation
c.	Common Sense
d.	Triggers
Answer:	b
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 71

72.	After hardcore pornography was made legal in 1965, sex crimes against children dropped in _____________.
a.	Denmark
b.	Sweden
c.	China
d.	Great Britain
Answer:	a
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 72

73.	Illegal acts between consenting adults are called _________________________.
a.	Correlations
b.	Sadists
c.	Victimless Crimes
d.	Masochists
Answer:	c
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 73

74.	Because prostitution is a commercial transaction some argue it should be _____________.
a.	Viewed as immoral
b.	Outlawed in every state
c.	More heavily policed
d.	Legal
Answer:	d
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 75

TRUE/FALSE
75.	Sex is strictly a personal matter.										
Answer:	False
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 54

76.	All societies control human sexual behavior.						
Answer:	True
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 54
	
77.	Sociology makes moral judgments.							
Answer:	False
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 54

78.	In some villages in India, temple prostitution still exists. 					
Answer:	True
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 54

79.	The average prostitute has 300 customers a year.						
Answer:	False
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 57

80.	Functionalists conclude that prostitution is a form of social control over sexual behaviors.			Answer:	True
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 59

81.	Single men are the most frequent customers of prostitutes.					
Answer:	False
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 59

82.	Male prostitutes have a hierarchy that is very different than that of female prostitutes.			
Answer:	False
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 66

83.	Pornography has become so common that we can say that the U.S. has become pornified.		
Answer:	True
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 68

84.	There is no evidence that pornography causes rape.					
Answer:	True
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 72

85.	Pornography protects women and children from rape.
Answer:	False
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 72

86.	Child pornography is a victimless crime.							
Answer:	False
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 73

87.	Some believe pornography should be legal because it is a commercial transaction.		
Answer:	True
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 75

ESSAY
88.	Characterize the men who benefit from the sexual outlet provided by prostitutes.
Answer: Prostitutes provide a sexual outlet for men who: 1) have difficulty establishing sexual relationships (such as disfigured or shy men or those with handicaps); 2) cannot find long-term partners (such as travelers and sailors); 3) have a broken relationship (such as the separated or divorced);  4) want sexual gratification that they can’t get from their wives or girlfriends; 5) want quick sex without attachment;  6) are sexually dissatisfied in marriage; 7) want to have sex with someone who has a specific body type, age, or race–ethnicity; and 8) want  emotional connections with prostitutes.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 58-59

89.	Compare and contrast the different types of prostitutes. 
Answer: Escorts arrange dates and negotiate the inclusion of sexual services. Corporate prostitutes are hired by corporations as a perk for their best-paying clients. Call girls, the elite of the prostitutes, are selective in choosing their customers. Building a steady, repeat business, they usually have their johns come to their own home. Convention prostitutes are women who specialize in conventions. Posing as secretaries or sales agents, they roam hotel lobbies, display rooms, and cocktail parties. Apartment prostitutes rent apartments outside of their own home and set up a “business” while their husbands are away at work. Stag party workers serve as topless waitresses or put on strip shows at all-male parties. They arrange to meet customers after the party or in an adjoining room during the party. Hotel prostitutes work out of a hotel and share their fees with the bell captain, desk clerk, or bellboys who steer johns to them. Bar girls, also known as “B-girls,” wait in bars for customers. Some pay or “tip” the bartender as commission for using the bar as their headquarters. Streetwalkers have the lowest status among prostitutes and are the most frequently arrested. They are visible to the public, as they “work the street” in view of police and customers. Parking lot lizards frequent truck stops, moving from one truck to another in search of clients. Male prostitutes who service women are known as “gigolos.” Patriotic prostitutes are young women who are encouraged by their government to prostitute themselves to help the country’s economy.
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 60

90.	Explain the 3 stages involved in becoming a prostitute.
Answer: In the first stage, women drift from casual sex to the first act of prostitution. During this “drift,” they face a series of forks in the road where choices they make channel them toward prostitution. Circumstances that lead to drifting include broken homes, dropping out of school, pregnancy, drug use, a juvenile record, and having sex at a young age.  The second stage is transitional deviance. During this stage, girls experience role ambivalence or conflicting emotions regarding their decision to become a prostitute. They feel both attracted to and repulsed by prostitution. To help overcome their ambivalence, many girls try to normalize their acts; that is, they try to convince themselves that what they are doing is normal. For example, although they sell sex, they may call it something else. The third stage is professionalization. During this stage, the girls no longer convince themselves that their behavior is normal; instead, they identify themselves as prostitutes. They begin to build their lives around this identity and defend their involvement in prostitution.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 64

91.	Compare and contrast how functionalists, conflict-feminist theorists, and symbolic interactionists would analyze the prostitute/pimp relationship.
Answer: Functionalists would say that the pimp serves several functions. He locates customers, screens out sadistic johns, and bails arrested prostitutes out of jail. Conflict–feminist theorists would claim that male pimps have the power. They, not the prostitutes, control the streets. To control women, they use their greater physical strength. Symbolic interactionists analyze what pimps represent to prostitutes and stress that to understand deviants we need to grasp the definitions and meanings of the situation they are involved in and understand how norms influence their behavior.
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 64-65

92.	Explain the techniques used by boys who maintain a heterosexual identity and yet perform sexual acts with other males.
Answer: The strategy involves 1) no emotional attachment to the man, 2) seeing money as the only motivator, 3) tolerating nothing other than oral sex, 4) never seeing a homosexual in public, and 5) being seen with a girlfriend in public.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 66

93.	Discuss the subjective concerns that surround prostitution as a social problem.
Answer: The subjective concerns of prostitution as a social problem are that: 1) Prostitution is immoral because it involves sexual relations among people who are not married to one another. 2) Prostitution is immoral because it involves sex being sold for a price. 3) Prostitution exploits women’s bodies, degrades their spirit, and subjugates them to men. 4) Prostitution ruins “good” neighborhoods, depressing property values by bringing in unsavory characters and illegal activities such as drug dealing. 5) Prostitution is a crime and is illegal. 6) Profits from prostitution are used to corrupt police and judges, uniting these “enforcers of morality” with pimps, madams, and organized criminals. 7) Prostitutes spread AIDS and other sexually transmitted disease. 8) People feel disgusted when they see the used condoms and tissues left by prostitutes in public places. 
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 66

94.	 Explain how the Supreme Court’s Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition decision impacted child pornography. 
Answer: In 2002, in Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that it is legal to possess virtual child pornography, which is computer-generated images of children in sex acts. Because no real child is involved there is no victim.  Then, in 2003 Congress passed the PROTECT Act which specified that any visual depiction of a child engaged in a sexually explicit act was illegal to produce, distribute or possess.  This included drawings, cartoons, sculptures, and paintings. In 2008, the Court went even further and ruled that it is illegal for someone to request or offer such images even if the images don’t exist.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 69

95.	Compare and contrast the feminist debate concerning pornography.  Discuss how the debate has impacted the porn industry.
Answer: Some feminists argue that pornography exploits women. They claim that women are shown as a bunch of body parts to be used at the pleasure of men and that women who work in the porn industry suffer sexual and emotional abuse. Feminists who take this stance rally for better working conditions and health standards for those who have succumbed to the porn industry. Other feminists argue that women should have the right to choose to work in whatever industry they wish, even the sex industry. The porn industry has become delighted by this division among one of their greatest adversaries. Viewing pornography as part of women’s freedom, not their oppression, makes it more difficult for conservatives to argue against it. Women’s magazines discuss pornography from the perspective of equal opportunity or women—how women can introduce pornography into their sex lives and how it gives them the chance to get “in touch” with their sexuality. These articles, too, have become part of a greater acceptance of the porn industry as a whole, and of women’s role in it.
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 74

96.	Examine both sides of he debate concerning the legalization of prostitution.
Answer: Those who argue for the legalization of prostitution make three main points. 1) Prostitutes perform a service for society. They provide sex for people who otherwise cannot find sexual partners. They even help marriages by reducing sexual demands on wives. 2) To keep prostitution illegal is dysfunctional. This stigmatizes and marginalizes women who want to work as prostitutes. It also corrupts many police officers, who accept bribes to allow prostitutes to work. Some prostitution is run by organized crime, with women held in bondage. Legalizing prostitution will eliminate these problems. 3)  If prostitution is declared a legal occupation, the government can regulate it. The government can license prostitutes and tax them. It can also require prostitutes to have regular medical checkups and to display a dated and signed medical certificate stating that they are free of sexually transmitted diseases. Those who argue against the legalization of prostitution also make three points. 1) Prostitution is immoral, and we should not legalize immoral activities. The foundation of society is the family, and we should take steps to strengthen the family, not tear it apart by approving sex as a commercial transaction outside the family. 2)  Prostitution degrades women. To legalize prostitution is to give the state’s approval to their degradation. It also would affirm class oppression: Most prostitutes come from the working class and serve as objects to satisfy the sexual desires of men from more privileged classes. 3) The legalization of prostitution will not stop prostitutes from infecting their clients with sexually transmitted diseases. For example, the HIV virus can be transmitted before the disease shows up in blood tests. Even though prostitutes are licensed, they will spread AIDS during this interval. 
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 75