Exam
Name___________________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE.  Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 

1) 

Which nutrient is so vital to health that you wouldn't live more than a few days without it? 

1) 

_______ 

A) 

minerals 

B) 

protein 

C) 

vitamins 

D) 

water 

2) 

Which of the following is not true about phytochemicals? 

2) 

_______ 

A) 

They are essential nutrients. 

B) 

They have disease-fighting properties. 

C) 

They are nonnutritive compounds. 

D) 

They come from plant foods. 

3) 

Which of the following causes of death in the United States is not nutrition related? 

3) 

_______ 

A) 

stroke 

B) 

respiratory diseases 

C) 

cancer 

D) 

diabetes 

4) 

Which of the following is not a reason why a food becomes a favorite? 

4) 

_______ 

A) 

convenience 

B) 

food color 

C) 

food trends 

D) 

culture 

5) 

Which of the following does nutritional genomics study? 

5) 

_______ 

A) 

the precise amount of micronutrients the body needs 

B) 

the genetic sequence of an individual's genome 

C) 

how certain nutrients affect an individual's gene expression 

D) 

the protein content of an individual 

6) 

Which of the following are not macronutrients? 

6) 

_______ 

A) 

lipids 

B) 

proteins 

C) 

vitamins 

D) 

carbohydrates 

7) 

Food insecurity is 

7) 

_______ 

A) 

uncertainty concerning whether a food might be harmful. 

B) 

the inability to satisfy the basic food needs of individuals. 

C) 

the tendency of highly desirable foods to be stolen from stores. 

D) 

the tendency of some foods to spoil more quickly than others. 

8) 

Which nutrient class supplies glucose as the major source of energy for the body? 

8) 

_______ 

A) 

vitamins 

B) 

lipids 

C) 

proteins 

D) 

carbohydrates 

9) 

Which nutrient class is used to build body tissues and make enzymes? 

9) 

_______ 

A) 

vitamins 

B) 

carbohydrates 

C) 

proteins 

D) 

lipids 

10) 

Which of the following is not a function of water in the body? 

10) 

______ 

A) 

helps maintain body temperature 

B) 

lubricates joints 

C) 

functions as a coenzyme 

D) 

helps transport nutrients and oxygen 

11) 

Which of the following foods contains phytochemicals? 

11) 

______ 

A) 

carrots 

B) 

salmon 

C) 

eggs 

D) 

skim milk 

12) 

All of the following are correct about the typical American diet except that it is 

12) 

______ 

A) 

high in sodium. 

B) 

low in calcium. 

C) 

high in fiber. 

D) 

low in vitamin D. 

13) 

Americans need to consume more 

13) 

______ 

A) 

fruits and vegetables. 

B) 

meat and saltier foods. 

C) 

meat and refined grains. 

D) 

oils and fewer vegetables. 

14) 

What percentage of American adults are considered obese? 

14) 

______ 

A) 

42 percent 

B) 

15 percent 

C) 

35 percent 

D) 

65 percent 

15) 

Which of the following is the first step of the scientific method? 

15) 

______ 

A) 

Observe and ask a question. 

B) 

Formulate a hypothesis. 

C) 

Conduct an experiment. 

D) 

Revise the hypothesis. 

16) 

The group given a specific treatment during an experiment is called the 

16) 

______ 

A) 

double-blind group. 

B) 

blind group. 

C) 

control group. 

D) 

experimental group. 

17) 

Jim wants to improve his health and would like a professional to help him with his diet. Which of the following people would be the best person to help Jim? 

17) 

______ 

A) 

a registered dietitian nutritionist 

B) 

a nutritionist 

C) 

a registered nurse 

D) 

a trainer at the gym 

18) 

When obtaining information on the Internet, which ending for a URL is probably less reliable than the others? 

18) 

______ 

A) 

.edu 

B) 

.com 

C) 

.gov 

D) 

They are all equally reliable. 

19) 

Which of the following questions is important to ask yourself when you view a nutrition-related website? 

19) 

______ 

A) 

Who pays for the site? 

B) 

Where does the information come from? 

C) 

How does the site choose links to other sites? 

D) 

All of these are important questions to ask. 

20) 

Which of the following foods is commonly included in Indian meals? 

20) 

______ 

A) 

fish 

B) 

lentils 

C) 

mutton 

D) 

corn 

21) 

Which of the following goals is not a proposed focus of Healthy People 2020? 

21) 

______ 

A) 

Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across every stage of life. 

B) 

Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all. 

C) 

Support food industry efforts to obtain favorable health claims on nutrition labels. 

D) 

Eliminate preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. 

22) 

Which of the following is not an outcome for children who are food insecure? 

22) 

______ 

A) 

delayed cognitive development 

B) 

increased energy 

C) 

iron deficiency 

D) 

increased incidence of colds and headaches 

23) 

Jane is sitting in the library, cramming for a nutrition test. She has eaten a plate full of brownies and is now ordering a pizza. Which of the following factors is probably affecting the way Jane is eating? 

23) 

______ 

A) 

cost 

B) 

culture 

C) 

emotions 

D) 

advertising 

24) 

Which of the following statements about supplements is false? 

24) 

______ 

A) 

A pregnant woman might benefit from taking an iron supplement. 

B) 

People with dietary restrictions or greater nutrient needs could benefit from taking supplements. 

C) 

A well-balanced diet will meet the nutrient needs of many people. 

D) 

Supplements always produce the same positive health effects as those gained by eating foods. 

25) 

Which of the following statements about milk is false? 

25) 

______ 

A) 

It contains the minerals potassium and calcium. 

B) 

It is a good source of the vitamins A, D, and riboflavin. 

C) 

It contains a substantial variety of all six classes of nutrients. 

D) 

It is approximately 80 percent water by volume. 

26) 

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the energy-providing nutrients? 

26) 

______ 

A) 

The energy nutrients include carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. 

B) 

The energy nutrients are all organic. 

C) 

Most of your daily calories should come from protein. 

D) 

The amount of calories you need daily is based on your age, gender, and activity level. 

27) 

The defining characteristic of an organic compound is that it 

27) 

______ 

A) 

contains nitrogen. 

B) 

is grown in rich soil. 

C) 

contains hydrogen. 

D) 

contains carbon. 

28) 

Which of the following substances is organic? 

28) 

______ 

A) 

salts 

B) 

minerals 

C) 

water 

D) 

vitamins 

29) 

If a scientist wants to design an experiment to measure the effect of vitamin C on colds, which of the following would be an appropriate placebo? 

29) 

______ 

A) 

a sugar pill that does not contain vitamin C 

B) 

the recommended daily amount of vitamin C 

C) 

half the recommended daily amount of vitamin C 

D) 

the recommended daily amount of vitamin D 

30) 

A well-balanced diet includes all of the following actions except 

30) 

______ 

A) 

relying on dietary supplements. 

B) 

eating a variety of foods. 

C) 

consuming essential nutrients. 

D) 

consuming phytochemicals and fiber. 

31) 

Josephine is one of 20 participants in a clinical trial for a new weight loss drug. If Josephine receives a placebo rather than the actual drug, to which group does Josephine belong? 

31) 

______ 

A) 

epidemiological group 

B) 

hypothesis group 

C) 

control group 

D) 

experimental group 

32) 

Which of the following is not one of the essential nutrients? 

32) 

______ 

A) 

minerals 

B) 

alcohol 

C) 

fats 

D) 

water 

33) 

Darren's father, mother, and sister all have diabetes. Darren decides to seek help from a health professional so he can avoid becoming diabetic as well. Who is the best person Darren should go to for nutrition advice? 

33) 

______ 

A) 

a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) 

B) 

his trainer at the gym 

C) 

a public health nutritionist 

D) 

the salesperson at the vitamin and supplement store 

34) 

Maize is a staple in the diet of people living in which of the following places? 

34) 

______ 

A) 

India 

B) 

China 

C) 

Mexico 

D) 

Alaska 

35) 

Rice is a staple in the diet of which of the following ethnic groups? 

35) 

______ 

A) 

Alaskan 

B) 

Mexican 

C) 

Native American 

D) 

Chinese 

36) 

Fish is most likely to be a staple in the diet of which of the following ethnic groups? 

36) 

______ 

A) 

Native American 

B) 

Indian 

C) 

Alaskan 

D) 

Chinese 

37) 

Mutton is a staple in the diet of which of the following ethnic groups? 

37) 

______ 

A) 

Native American 

B) 

Chinese 

C) 

Alaskan 

D) 

Indian 

38) 

Lentils are a staple in the diet of which of the following ethnic groups? 

38) 

______ 

A) 

Mexican 

B) 

Native American 

C) 

Indian 

D) 

Alaskan 

39) 

Experimental research is 

39) 

______ 

A) 

a process involving one group of subjects that receives a specific treatment and a second group of subjects that does not receive the treatment. 

B) 

an idea generated by scientists based on their observations. 

C) 

a stepwise process used by scientists to evaluate different types of experiments. 

D) 

a process that involves looking at factors in two or more groups of subjects to see if there is a relationship to certain outcomes. 

40) 

A double-blind placebo-controlled study is 

40) 

______ 

A) 

research in which neither the subjects nor the scientists know which group received the treatment and which group received a placebo. 

B) 

a stepwise process used by scientists to identify effective placebos. 

C) 

an idea generated by scientists based on their observations. 

D) 

research that involves looking at factors in two or more groups of subjects to see if there is a relationship to certain outcomes. 

41) 

A hypothesis is 

41) 

______ 

A) 

an idea generated by scientists based on their observations. 

B) 

research that involves looking at factors in two or more groups of subjects to see if there is a relationship to certain outcomes. 

C) 

research involving one group of subjects that receives a specific treatment and a second group of subjects that does not receive the treatment. 

D) 

a stepwise process used by scientists to generate sound research findings. 

42) 

Observational research is defined as 

42) 

______ 

A) 

a process that involves looking at factors in two or more groups of subjects to see if there is a relationship to certain outcomes. 

B) 

a stepwise process used by scientists to evaluate different observational techniques. 

C) 

an idea generated by scientists based on their observations. 

D) 

a process involving one group of subjects that receives a specific treatment and a second group of subjects that does not receive the treatment. 

43) 

The scientific method is 

43) 

______ 

A) 

an idea generated by scientists based on their observations. 

B) 

research in which neither the subjects nor the scientists know which group received the treatment and which group received a placebo. 

C) 

a stepwise process used by scientists to generate sound research findings. 

D) 

research involving one group of subjects that receives a specific treatment and a second group of subjects that does not receive the treatment. 

TRUE/FALSE.  Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 

44) 

Studies have shown that even at 8 years of age, children may not understand the persuasive intent of advertisements. 

44) 

______ 

45) 

The macronutrients include carbohydrates, lipids, and vitamins. 

45) 

______ 

46) 

The micronutrients include lipids, vitamins, and minerals. 

46) 

______ 

47) 

Micronutrients are so named because they are less important than macronutrients. 

47) 

______ 

48) 

Alcohol is an essential nutrient because it contains energy. 

48) 

______ 

49) 

Minerals are inorganic because they do not contain carbon. 

49) 

______ 

50) 

According to Healthy People 2020, the body weights of Americans are decreasing. 

50) 

______ 

51) 

Some public health nutritionists are ineligible to take the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND) exam. 

51) 

______ 

52) 

Being overweight is the same thing as being obese. 

52) 

______ 

53) 

People who are poor can be overfed in energy nutrients but malnourished in vitamins and minerals. 

53) 

______ 

54) 

If a study is done on lab animals, the results cannot be relevant to humans. 

54) 

______ 

55) 

It is not a good idea to change your diet based on a single study. 

55) 

______ 

56) 

For reporting research results, a regular magazine is just as credible as a peer-reviewed journal. 

56) 

______ 

57) 

The "gold standard" of research experiments is the double-blind, placebo-controlled study. 

57) 

______ 

58) 

Epidemiological research looks at factors in two or more subject groups to see if there is a relationship to a certain disease or another health outcome. 

58) 

______ 

59) 

The Human Genome Project determined the complete sequence of DNA in human cells. 

59) 

______ 

60) 

Chronic diseases are caused by genetic influences alone. 

60) 

______ 

61) 

The foods you eat do not affect the expression of genes in your cells. 

61) 

______ 

62) 

A registered dietician nutritionist has passed an exam administered by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND). 

62) 

______ 

63) 

A quack is a person who promotes health-related products with false claims and information that are not based in sound scientific research. 

63) 

______ 

64) 

One of the objectives of Healthy People 2020 is to reduce the proportion of children and adolescents who are considered obese by 30.5 percent. 

64) 

______ 

65) 

Over 65 percent of American adults are overweight and of those, approximately 50 percent are considered obese. 

65) 

______ 

66) 

It is not important if a website does not tell you about their privacy policy. 

66) 

______ 

67) 

Carbohydrates, lipids, and alcohol can all provide the body with energy. 

67) 

______ 

68) 

Carbohydrates supply glucose, the simple sugar that body cells use as a major energy source. 

68) 

______ 

69) 

Compounds that contain carbon are called organic. 

69) 

______ 

70) 

A research journal in which fellow scientists review studies to assess whether they are accurate before they are published is known as a peer-reviewed journal. 

70) 

______ 

71) 

The group given a placebo during an experiment is called the placebo group. 

71) 

______ 

72) 

An idea generated by scientists based on their observations is a hypothesis. 

72) 

______ 

73) 

A person with a BMI of 28 or higher is obese. 

73) 

______ 

74) 

The part of plant foods that isn't digested in the small intestine is fiber. 

74) 

______ 

75) 

Carrying extra weight on your body in relation to your height is called being overweight. 

75) 

______ 

76) 

The promotion and selling of health products and services of questionable validity is known as the scientific method. 

76) 

______ 

77) 

The substance that bathes the outside of your cells and also helps maintain body temperature is water. 

77) 

______ 

78) 

Substances that speed up reactions in your body are known as enzymes. 

78) 

______ 

79) 

There are five classes of nutrients. 

79) 

______ 

80) 

A nonnutritive compound in foods that may play a role in fighting chronic diseases is called fiber. 

80) 

______ 

81) 

The science that studies how the nutrients and compounds in foods affect your body's function and health is called nutrition. 

81) 

______ 

82) 

Nutritional genomics studies the relationship between the components of food and gene expression. 

82) 

______ 

83) 

The energy value of foods is measured in units commonly referred to as nutrients. 

83) 

______ 

84) 

Fats, proteins, and carbohydrates are organic nutrients that provide energy. 

84) 

______ 

85) 

Only the energy nutrient carbohydrate contains the element nitrogen. 

85) 

______ 

86) 

When a nutrient such as a vitamin is lacking in the diet, a deficiency may result. 

86) 

______ 

ESSAY.  Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 

87) 

List the ten leading causes of death in the United States, and comment on which are nutrition related. 

88) 

List the six classes of nutrients, noting which are organic and how much energy they contain, if any. 

89) 

Claudia and Antonio are having friends over to watch a football game on television. Describe at least three factors that may influence food choices during the game. 

90) 

What is the difference between a macronutrient and a micronutrient? 

91) 

What are phytochemicals and why might they be important? 

92) 

Explain how people who have less money are more, rather than less, prone to obesity. 

93) 

Marita and Adis are eating lunch in the school lunchroom. Adis says he wants to learn to eat healthier and will be seeing a nutritionist he met at the deli last week. What advice should Marita give Adis about seeking sound nutrition advice? 

94) 

Curtis is writing a paper for his nutrition class and is using the Internet as a resource. Describe what he should consider when deciding whether a site is reliable or not. 

95) 

Describe a situation in which your emotions led you to make inappropriate food choices. 

96) 

Discuss how one's cultural background influences food choices. 

97) 

Describe an experiment you would design to test the following hypothesis Vitamin C supplements cure colds. 

 

1) 

D 

2) 

A 

3) 

B 

4) 

B 

5) 

C 

6) 

C 

7) 

B 

8) 

D 

9) 

C 

10) 

C 

11) 

A 

12) 

C 

13) 

A 

14) 

C 

15) 

A 

16) 

D 

17) 

A 

18) 

B 

19) 

D 

20) 

B 

21) 

C 

22) 

B 

23) 

C 

24) 

D 

25) 

D 

26) 

C 

27) 

D 

28) 

D 

29) 

A 

30) 

A 

31) 

C 

32) 

B 

33) 

A 

34) 

C 

35) 

D 

36) 

C 

37) 

A 

38) 

C 

39) 

A 

40) 

A 

41) 

A 

42) 

A 

43) 

C 

44) 

FALSE 

45) 

FALSE 

46) 

FALSE 

47) 

FALSE 

48) 

FALSE 

49) 

TRUE 

50) 

FALSE 

51) 

FALSE 

52) 

FALSE 

53) 

TRUE 

54) 

FALSE 

55) 

TRUE 

56) 

FALSE 

57) 

TRUE 

58) 

FALSE 

59) 

TRUE 

60) 

FALSE 

61) 

FALSE 

62) 

TRUE 

63) 

TRUE 

64) 

FALSE 

65) 

FALSE 

66) 

FALSE 

67) 

TRUE 

68) 

TRUE 

69) 

TRUE 

70) 

TRUE 

71) 

FALSE 

72) 

TRUE 

73) 

FALSE 

74) 

TRUE 

75) 

TRUE 

76) 

FALSE 

77) 

TRUE 

78) 

TRUE 

79) 

FALSE 

80) 

FALSE 

81) 

TRUE 

82) 

TRUE 

83) 

FALSE 

84) 

TRUE 

85) 

FALSE 

86) 

TRUE 

87) 

The ten leading causes of death in the United States are heart disease, cancer, respiratory diseases, accidents, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, influenza/pneumonia, kidney disease, and intentional self-harm. Heart disease, cancer, stroke, and diabetes are related to nutrition. 

88) 

carbohydrates	organic	4 calories/gram
lipids	organic	9 calories/gram
protein	organic	4 calories/gram
vitamins	organic	0 calories/gram
minerals	inorganic	0 calories/gram
water	inorganic	0 calories/gram 

89) 

Influences include mood, peer pressure to eat, social influences (advertising) on what people eat watching a sport (e.g. chicken wings, beer, chips), health (someone may prefer cut-up vegetables to higher fat snacks), and convenience (ordering a pizza rather than preparing a meal). 

90) 

A macronutrient is an essential nutrient that is needed in larger quantities than is an essential micronutrient. Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients, and the energy nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) are macronutrients. 

91) 

At least 900 different phytochemicals have been identified in plant foods so far. These nonnutritive chemicals work with fiber, nutrients, or unknown substances in foods to provide synergistic effects on health. 

92) 

Households with limited funds for monthly groceries tend to buy less of a variety of foods, and the quality of the foods tends to be low in nutrients and high in calories. Individuals living in low-income neighborhoods also tend to have limited access to supermarkets to purchase healthy foods at a reasonable cost. Poorer neighborhoods also tend to be surrounded by convenience stores and fast-food restaurants. 

93) 

Adis should check the person's credentials and make sure he or she graduated from an accredited school. He should also beware if the person giving advice is selling something (supplements, book, etc.). 

94) 

If a site's URL ends in ".edu" or ".gov" it is probably a reliable site. If the site is not selling something, this is also a good sign. If the people who sponsor the site are open about their credentials, such as their being medical doctors or registered dieticians, then the site is likely more credible. A site sponsored by a pharmaceutical company may be prone to promote their drugs or treatments and may be biased. Links provided in the site should also be credible, and current information is likely preferable to older information. 

95) 

Boredom, loneliness, sadness, happiness, celebration, and anger may influence the types and quantities of foods a person consumes. 

96) 

Different cultural groups have different traditional foods; these cuisines are influenced in part by climate, soils, native plants and animals, and which foodstuffs are plentiful and readily accessible. 

97) 

An appropriate experiment would involve two groups of individuals of the same sex and age. All individuals are exposed to cold viruses via inhalation. They then are divided into two groups an experimental group that receives identical doses of vitamin C supplements and a control group that gets a placebo. The experiment is double-blind. Signs and symptoms of both groups are tracked over 10 days. After data collection and analysis, conclusions are made as to whether the vitamin C had an effect on the cold.